ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2024
Disparities in multimorbidity and comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis by sex across the lifespan.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Women's musculoskeletal health: insights from the 2024 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report on chronic conditions.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2026Review
- Sex and gender differences in rheumatology: clinical impact and future directions.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Health Disparities in Rheumatology in the United States.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2025Review
- How social factors relate to arthritis risk in Chinese older adults: population-based evidence.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of comorbidities among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the UAE: a case-control study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Profiles of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from an Italian Multicentre Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesMultimorbidity is burdensome for people with RA. We investigated differences in multimorbidity and comorbidities by sex and age in the RA population.
methodsThis cross-sectional analysis used national administrative claims (OptumLabs® Data Warehouse) from people with RA and non-RA comparators (matched on age, sex, race, census region, index year and length of baseline insurance coverage) from 2010-2019. RA was determined using a validated algorithm. Multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 (MM2+) or ≥5 (MM5+) comorbidities from a validated set of 44 chronic conditions. We used logistic regression to assess associations between characteristics and multimorbidity.
resultsThe sample included 154 391 RA patients and 154 391 non-RA comparators. For people aged 18-50 years, RA women (vs RA men) had 7.5 and 4.4 (vs 3.2 and 0.9 in non-RA women vs non-RA men) percentage point increases for MM2+ and MM5+, respectively. For people aged 51+ years, RA women (vs RA men) had 2.1 and 2.5 (vs 1.2 and 0.3 in non-RA women vs non-RA men) percentage point increases for MM2+ and MM5+, respectively. Interactions revealed that differences in multimorbidity between women and men were exacerbated by RA (vs non-RA) (P < 0.05), with more pronounced effects in people aged 18-50. Men had more cardiovascular-related conditions, whereas RA women had more psychological, neurological and general musculoskeletal conditions. Other comorbidities varied by sex and age.
conclusionMultimorbidity disproportionately impacts women with RA. Research, clinical and policy agendas for rheumatic diseases should acknowledge and support the variation in care needs by sex and gender across the lifespan.
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