Observational studyJAMA network open2023
Mortality by Age, Gender, and Race and Ethnicity in People Experiencing Homelessness in Boston, Massachusetts.
Observational study in JAMA network open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Homelessness, Patient Navigation, and Lung Cancer Screening in a Health Center Setting: A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Identification of distinct stimulant use trajectories and patterns of overdose.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Mortality among individuals living in permanent supportive housing: A retrospective cohort study.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Predicting short-term mortality in severe cirrhosis: An interpretable machine learning model integrating routine clinical indicators.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sensory Processing in People Experiencing Homelessness in Spain: A Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Improving Health for People Experiencing Homelessness Within and Beyond the VA: From Cancer Screening to Integrated Preventive Health.Annals of family medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring perspectives regarding death cafés for people experiencing homelessness: a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Health and Economic Outcomes of Offering Buprenorphine in Homeless Shelters in Massachusetts.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- "Racial mortality inversion": Black-white disparities in mortality among people experiencing homelessness in the United States.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Associations among drug acquisition and use behaviors, psychosocial attributes, and opioid-involved overdoses.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Associations among Drug Acquisition and Use Behaviors, Psychosocial Attributes, and Opioid-Involved Overdoses: A SEM Analysis.Research square · 2024Article
- Disparities in all-cause mortality among people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Homelessness and mortality: gender, age, and housing status inequity in Korea.Epidemiology and health · 2024Article
- Error in Figure 2.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: People experiencing homelessness (PEH) face disproportionately high mortality rates compared with the general population, but few studies have examined mortality in this population by age, gender, and race and ethnicity. Objective: To evaluate all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large cohort of PEH by age, gender, and race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants: An observational cohort study was conducted from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2018. All analyses were performed between March 16, 2021, and May 12, 2022. A cohort of adults (age ≥18 years) seen at the Boston Health Care for the Homeless Program (BHCHP), a large federally funded Health Care for the Homeless organization in Boston, Massachusetts, from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2017, was linked to Massachusetts death occurrence files spanning January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2018. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age-, gender-, and race and ethnicity-stratified all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates were examined and compared with rates in the urban Northeast US population using mortality rate ratios (RRs). Results: Among the 60 092 adults included in the cohort with a median follow-up of 8.6 (IQR, 5.1-12.5) years, 7130 deaths occurred. The mean (SD) age at death was 53.7 (13.1) years; 77.5% of decedents were men, 21.0% Black, 10.0% Hispanic/Latinx, and 61.5% White. The all-cause mortality rate was 1639.7 deaths per 100 000 person-years among men and 830 deaths per 100 000 person-years among women. The all-cause mortality rate was highest among White men aged 65 to 79 years (4245.4 deaths per 100 000 person-years). Drug overdose was a leading cause of death across age, gender, and race and ethnicity groups, while suicide uniquely affected young PEH and HIV infection and homicide uniquely affected Black and Hispanic/Latinx PEH. Conclusions and Relevance: In this large cohort study of PEH, all-cause and cause-specific mortality varied by age, gender, and race and ethnicity. Tailored interventions focusing on those at elevated risk for certain causes of death are essential for reducing mortality disparities across homeless-experienced groups.
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