ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2023
Multivalent Targeting of the Asialoglycoprotein Receptor by Virus-Like Particles.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene therapy for liver diseases: methods, challenges and opportunities.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming the gut-liver immune axis: probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles as precision nanotherapeutics in hepatocellular carcinoma.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Programmable Lipid Functionalization of Nucleic Acid Nanoparticles Modulates Liver Cell-Type Targeting.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- Tumor agnostic drug delivery with dynamic nanohydrogels.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics: Emerging Carriers and Applications in Common Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Learn from nature: Biomimetic nanocarriers for intracellular protein delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Nanotherapeutic Strategies for MASLD: From Pathological Mechanisms to Targeted Delivery Systems.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Emerging strategies against accelerated blood clearance phenomenon of nanocarrier drug delivery systems.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Understanding nanoparticle-liver interactions in nanomedicine.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) is expressed in high density on hepatocytes. Multivalent variants of galactosyl carbohydrates bind ASGPR with high affinity, enabling hepatic delivery of ligand-bound cargo. Virus-like particle (VLP) conjugates of a relatively high-affinity ligand were efficiently endocytosed by ASGPR-expressing cells in a manner strongly dependent on the nature and density of ligand display, with the best formulation using a nanomolar-, but not a picomolar-level, binder. Optimized particles were taken up by HepG2 cells with greater efficiency than competing small molecules or the natural multigalactosylated ligand, asialoorosomucoid. Upon systemic injection in mice, these VLPs were rapidly cleared to the liver and were found in association with sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, dendritic cells, and other immune cells. Both ASGPR-targeted and nontargeted particles were distributed similarly to endothelial and Kupffer cells, but targeted particles were distributed to a greater number and fraction of hepatocytes. Thus, selective cellular trafficking in the liver is difficult to achieve: even with the most potent ASGPR targeting available, barrier cells take up much of the injected particles and hepatocytes are accessed only approximately twice as efficiently in the best case.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.