ReviewMolecular cancer2023
Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baseline D-dimer as a predictor of immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in cancer.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The predictive value of the neutrophil/eosinophil ratio in cancer patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibition: a meta-analysis and a validation cohort in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Pan-immune inflammation value as a prognostic biomarker for cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Modulation of blood T cell polyfunctionality and HVEM/BTLA expression are critical determinants of clinical outcome in anti-PD1-treated metastatic melanoma patients.Oncoimmunology · 2024Trial
- Investigating the role of costimulatory domains in enhancing CAR-T cell persistence in TNBC.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Elevated BTLA Expression Correlates with an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Defines Dysfunctional Circulating T Cells in Human Glioblastoma.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment in laryngeal premalignancy: insights into early immune alterations in carcinogenesis.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Comprehensive genomics and functional analyses identifyTranslational cancer research · 2026Article
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes; Immune Escape; Limitations of Current Immunotherapy; and the BTLA/HVEM/CD160 Axis as an Emerging Target.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- CD244 overexpression indicates NK cell dysfunction and tumor progression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of programmed cell death 1 in autoimmune diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- MutantFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Single cell mapping of B and T cell dynamics in breast cancer lymph node metastasis.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Modulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and tumor immunity by metals and metalloids: mechanistic insights and human health implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeting TNK2/ACK1 reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and synergizes with immunochemotherapy in pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Next-generation immunotherapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: targeting novel immune checkpoints.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- BTLA: An Emerging Immune Checkpoint Target in Cancer Immunotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.