ArticleBMJ global health2023
Analyses of the return on investment of public health interventions: a scoping review and recommendations for future studies.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness and economic impact of interventions targeting healthcare personnel: a systematic review of return on investment.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- System-wide investments generate health and enhance HIV, TB and malaria control in Malawi.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Return on investment of community health workers in the United States: a systematic review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Estimating return on investment of four interventions based on health technology assessment studies in India.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Lifestyle and Behavioral Care Model Targeting Cardiometabolic Disease Progression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Potential value streams of an integrated Canadian serosurveillance network.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- Using a return on investment analysis to estimate the economic impact of potential changes to alcohol control policies in Estonia.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- Bridging the implementation gap in cardiovascular prevention: a narrative review and call to action.International journal of public health · 2026Review
- Estimating the human development impacts and economic returns from an adolescent cash 'plus' programme in Kenya: An economic modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Conceptualization and implementation of community social prescribing evaluation: a case study of the co-designedFrontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Market and welfare effects of a nationwide sugar-sweetened beverage tax in the U.S.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Are costs optimized as scale-up of Choose to Move-an effective health-promoting intervention for older adults-proceeds?The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- A return on investment analysis for the 2017 increase in alcohol excise taxation in Lithuania.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring a Systems-Based Model of Care for Effective Healthcare Transformation: A Narrative Review in Implementation Science of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 Experience.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Combating antimicrobial resistance in Africa: a strategic roadmap for surveillance, stewardship, and research.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Explainable early detection of Alzheimer's disease using ROIs and an ensemble of 138 3D vision transformers.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cost effectiveness and return on investment analysis for surgical care in a conflict-affected region of Sudan.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Return on investment (ROI) analysis is increasingly being used for evaluating the value for money of public health interventions. Given its potential role for informing health policies, it is important that there is a more comprehensive understanding of ROI analysis within the global health field. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a scoping review of recent research articles reporting an ROI metric for a health intervention within the public sector in any country setting. The database search was limited to literature published in English and studies published between 1 January 2018 and 14 June 2021. Uses and settings where the ROI metric is being applied, key methodological features of the calculations and the types of economic benefits included were extracted. 118 relevant studies were included within this scoping review. We found that ROI analyses of health interventions differed between those that only included fiscal savings (such as prevented medical expenses) and those which incorporated a wider range of benefits (such as monetised health benefits). This highlights the variation in the definition of ROI analyses and supports the finding that ROI analyses are used for a range of different research questions/purposes within the healthcare sector. We also found that the methodologies used in ROI calculations were inconsistent and often poorly reported. This review demonstrates that there is notable variation in the methodology surrounding recent ROI calculations of healthcare interventions, as well as the definition of ROI analysis. We recommend that ROI metrics should be carefully interpreted before they are used to inform policy decisions regarding the allocation of healthcare resources. To improve the consistency of future studies, we also set out recommended use cases for ROI analysis and a reporting checklist.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.