Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Asymmetric Adrenals: Sexual Dimorphism of Adrenal Tumors.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Necrosis is Associated with an Increased Metastatic and Cardiovascular Risk in Paragangliomas: A Single-Center Series and Meta-Analysis Comparing Necrosis and Cystic Degeneration in Paragangliomas.Endocrine pathology · 2026Pooled it
- Primary aldosteronism.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- The transcription factor HHEX maintains glucocorticoid levels and protects adrenals from androgen-induced lipid depletion.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Deep Learning-Based Adrenal Gland Volumetry for the Prediction of Diabetes.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Observational
- The Transcriptome Trajectory Reveals Sex- and Age-Dependent Changes in the Mouse Adrenal Gland.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Sexual dimorphism in benign adrenocortical tumours.European journal of endocrinology · 2025Review
- Sex differences in presentation of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in management and outcomes in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Higher Steroid Production in the Right Adrenal Gland Compared to the Left One in db/db Mice, a Model of Type 2 Diabetic Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- [Gender medicine: endocrine and neuroendocrine diseases : Implications for surgery and perioperative management].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Expression Patterns of MOTS-c in Adrenal Tumors: Results from a Preliminary Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Patient Sex and Origin Influence Distribution of Driver Genes and Clinical Presentation of Paraganglioma.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Asymmetric Adrenals: Sexual Dimorphism of Adrenal Tumors.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 12 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
contextSexual dimorphism has direct consequences on the incidence and survival of cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve prognosis.
objectiveThis work aimed to characterized the influence of sex and adrenal asymmetry on the emergence of adrenal tumors.
methodsWe conducted a multicenter, observational study involving 8037 patients with adrenal tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas (CSAs), non-aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma (NAPACA), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and neuroblastoma (NB), and investigated tumor lateralization according to sex. Human adrenal tissues (n = 20) were analyzed with a multiomics approach that allows determination of gene expression, catecholamine, and steroid contents in a single sample. In addition, we performed a literature review of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging-based studies examining adrenal gland size.
resultsACC (n = 1858); CSA (n = 68), NAPACA (n = 2174), and PCC (n = 1824) were more common in females than in males (female-to-male ratio: 1.1:1-3.8:1), whereas NBs (n = 2320) and APAs (n = 228) were less prevalent in females (0.8:1). ACC, APA, CSA, NAPACA, and NB occurred more frequently in the left than in the right adrenal (left-to-right ratio: 1.1:1-1.8:1), whereas PCC arose more often in the right than in the left adrenal (0.8:1). In both sexes, the left adrenal was larger than the right adrenal; females have smaller adrenals than males.
conclusionAdrenal asymmetry in both sexes may be related to the pathogenesis of adrenal tumors and should be considered during the diagnosis of these tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.