ArticleAJOG global reports2023
Low gestational weight gain (+2.0 to 4.9 kg) for singleton-term gestations associated with favorable perinatal outcomes for all prepregnancy obesity classes.
Article in AJOG global reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reduced-energy diet in women with gestational diabetes: the dietary intervention in gestational diabetes DiGest randomized clinical trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Experience and Acceptability of a Reduced-Energy Whole-Diet Intervention in Women with Gestational Diabetes: a Qualitative Study of the Dietary Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Trial.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- Inadequate Gestational Weight Gain Among Saudi Mothers and Pregnancy Outcomes: Riyadh Mother and Baby Follow-Up Study (RAHMA Explore).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Weight Loss, Stability, and Low Weight Gain during Pregnancy among Individuals with Obesity: Associations with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: An Observational Study.American journal of perinatology · 2024Observational
- Safety of low weight gain or weight loss in pregnancies with class 1, 2, and 3 obesity: a population-based cohort study.Lancet (London, England) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies that evaluated low gestational weight gain or weight loss among prepregnancy obesity classes have not determined the amount of gestational weight gain associated with the lowest risk of adverse perinatal outcomes and neonatal morbidity among singleton term births.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship of specific gestational weight gain categories of weight loss, stable weight, and low gain considered below the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines to perinatal outcomes and neonatal morbidity for singleton, term live births among prepregnancy obesity classes. STUDY
designThis was a retrospective cohort study of 18,476 women among 3 classes of prepregnancy obesity, based on measured prepregnancy weight, and delivering a live singleton pregnancy at ≥37 weeks of gestation at a Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospital (2009-2012). Variables from electronic medical records included perinatal outcomes, sociodemographics, and measured prepregnancy and delivery weights to calculate total gestational weight gain, used to define 5 gestational weight gain categories: weight loss (<-2.0 kg), stable weight (-2.0 to +1.9 kg), low gain (+2.0 to 4.9 kg), gain within guidelines (+5.0 to 9.1 kg; referent), and gain above guidelines (>9.1 kg). Logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of maternal and newborn perinatal outcomes (hypertensive disorders, cesarean delivery, size for gestational age, length of stay, neonatal intensive care unit admission) associated with gestational weight gain categories stratified by prepregnancy obesity classes 1, 2, and 3.
resultsLow gain occurred in 8%, 12%, and 13% of women in obesity class 1 (body mass index, 30.0-34.9), class 2 (body mass index, 35.0-39.9), and class 3 (body mass index, ≥40), respectively. Compared with gestational weight gain within Institute of Medicine guidelines, low gain was associated with similar or improved maternal and newborn perinatal outcomes for all obesity classes without increased odds of neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal length of stay ≥3 days, or small for gestational age. The percentages of small for gestational age for the low gain category were 4.4%, 3.0%, and 4.3% among prepregnancy obesity classes 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and comparable with the gestational weight gain within the guideline category (
conclusionLower gestational weight gain of +2.0 to 4.9 kg showed the most favorable perinatal outcomes, without higher small for gestational age or neonatal morbidity for all obesity classes.
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