ArticleOpen research Europe2021
Presence, flow, and narrative absorption: an interdisciplinary theoretical exploration with a new spatiotemporal integrated model based on predictive processing.
Article in Open research Europe, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Presence Is Reality: Rethinking Virtual and Real-World Consciousness.Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Emotion beyond boundaries: How multimodal cues foster cross-cultural affective contagion in immersive livestreaming.PloS one · 2026Article
- From Game to Concert: Exploratory Listening in 'Stardew Valley: Festival of Seasons' Concert Tour.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Designs on consciousness: literature and predictive processing.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of content framing in smoking prevention campaigns on recognition and attitudes: a virtual reality study.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Searching for the Metaverse: Neuroscience of Physical and Digital Communities.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2024Article
- Meaningfulness and attachment: what dreams, psychosis and psychedelic states tell us about our need for connection.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Forgetting ourselves in flow: an active inference account of flow states and how we experience ourselves within them.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Presence, flow, narrative absorption, immersion, transportation, and similar subjective phenomena are studied in many different disciplines, mostly in relation to mediated experiences (books, film, VR, games). Moreover, since real, virtual, or fictional agents are often involved, concepts like identification and state empathy are often linked to engaging media use. Based on a scoping review that identified similarities in the wording of various questionnaire items conceived to measure different phenomena, we categorize items into the most relevant psychological aspects and use this categorization to propose an interdisciplinary systematization. Then, based on a framework of embodied predictive processing, we present a new cognitive model of presence-related phenomena for mediated and non-mediated experiences, integrating spatial and temporal aspects and also considering the role of fiction and media design. Key processes described within the model are: selective attention, enactment of intentions, and interoception. We claim that presence is the state of perceived successful agency of an embodied mind able to correctly enact its predictions. The difference between real-life and simulated experiences ("book problem," "paradox of fiction") lays in the different precision weighting of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.