ArticleBiology letters2023
Phylogeny of the carpenter bees (Apidae: Xylocopinae) highlights repeated evolution of sociality.
Article in Biology letters, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamic workforce modulation and foraging efficiency in Eusocial insect colonies.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- No evidence that haplodiploidy favors the evolution of eusociality.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa dejeanii Lepeletier, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Apidae).Scientific data · 2025Article
- The genome sequence of the Violet Carpenter Bee, Xylocopa violacea (Linnaeus, 1785): a hymenopteran species undergoing range expansion.Heredity · 2024Article
- Phylogeny of the carpenter bees (Apidae: Xylocopinae) highlights repeated evolution of sociality.Biology letters · 2023Article
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Abstract
Many groups of animals have evolved social behaviours in different forms, from intimate familial associations to the complex eusocial colonies of some insects. The subfamily Xylocopinae, including carpenter bees and their relatives, is a diverse clade exhibiting a wide range of social behaviours, from solitary to obligate eusociality with distinct morphological castes, making them ideal focal taxa in studying the evolution of sociality. We used ultraconserved element data to generate a broadly sampled phylogeny of the Xylocopinae, including several newly sequenced species. We then conducted ancestral state reconstructions on the evolutionary history of sociality in this group under multiple coding models. Our results indicate solitary origins for the Xylocopinae with multiple transitions to sociality across the tree and subsequent reversals to solitary life, demonstrating the lability and dynamic nature of social evolution in carpenter bees. Ultimately, this work clarifies the evolutionary history of the Xylocopinae, and expands our understanding of independent origins and gains and losses of social complexity.
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