ReviewArchives of toxicology2023
Strategies for enhanced bioavailability of oxime reactivators in the central nervous system.
Review in Archives of toxicology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- From Mechanisms to Materials: Oximate Reactivity and Emerging Strategies for Organophosphate Detoxification.Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026Review
- Click-chemistry-derived oxime library reveals efficient reactivators of nerve agent-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase suitable for pseudo-catalytic bioscavenging.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Nanoparticles Loaded with Pralidoxime Wrapped in Tumor Cell Membranes: A New Strategy to Counteract the Central Nervous System Effects of Organophosphate Poisoning.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Halogenated Pralidoximes in Reactivation of Organophosphate-Inhibited Cholinesterases.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Applications of Microbial Organophosphate-Degrading Enzymes to Detoxification of Organophosphorous Compounds for Medical Countermeasures against Poisoning and Environmental Remediation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Tuning the Envelope Structure of Enzyme Nanoreactors for In Vivo Detoxification of Organophosphates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Oxime reactivators of acetylcholinesterase are commonly used to treat highly toxic organophosphate poisoning. They are effective nucleophiles that can restore the catalytic activity of acetylcholinesterase; however, their main limitation is the difficulty in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) because of their strongly hydrophilic nature. Various approaches to overcome this limitation and enhance the bioavailability of oxime reactivators in the CNS have been evaluated; these include structural modifications, conjugation with molecules that have transporters in the BBB, bypassing the BBB through intranasal delivery, and inhibition of BBB efflux transporters. A promising approach is the use of nanoparticles (NPs) as the delivery systems. Studies using mesoporous silica nanomaterials, poly (L-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) NPs, metallic organic frameworks, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) NPs, human serum albumin NPs, liposomes, solid lipid NPs, and cucurbiturils, have shown promising results. Some NPs are considered as nanoreactors for organophosphate detoxification; these combine bioscavengers with encapsulated oximes. This study provides an overview and critical discussion of the strategies used to enhance the bioavailability of oxime reactivators in the central nervous system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
37642747What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.