ArticleEnvironmental science & technology2023
Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways.
Article in Environmental science & technology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- 6PPD metabolic activation by CYP3A initiates cytotoxicity in mouse primary hepatocytes.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Pollutant Burden in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanistic Convergence, Genetic Susceptibility, and Clinical Translation.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- 6PPD and 6PPD-Q Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Exposure to high doses of tyre antioxidant 6PPD causes senescence to induce unexplained miscarriage by suppressing BAZ1B-mediated ubiquitination degradation of P21.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Retrieval-Augmented Language Models Enable Scalable Chemical Source Classification in Metabolomics Workflows.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Inhalation exposure to tire rubber particle-sourced pollutant 6PPD-quinone involving basolateral amygdala impairment in male ICR mice.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of OECD guideline data and Tox21 assays to improve reproductive and developmental toxicity prediction.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Toxicity of ubiquitous tire rubber antiozonantBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Emerging and Legacy Traffic-Related Nitrogen-Containing Organic Compounds (TNOCs) in Pregnant Women: Exposure Levels, Seasonal Variation, and Health Risks.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Identifying environmental chemicals impacting neurodevelopment using a random mixture-based screening approach.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Bioactivity of the ubiquitous tire preservative 6PPD and degradant, 6PPD-quinone in fish- and mammalian-based assays.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
- Effects of 6PPD-Quinone on Human Liver Cell Lines as Revealed with Cell Viability Assay and Metabolomics Analysis.Toxics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity of 6PPD and 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg 6PPD or 6PPDQ to investigate their urine excretion and placental transfer. Female and male mice exhibited sex difference in excretion profiles of 6PPD and 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations of 6PPDQ were one order of magnitude lower than those of 6PPD, suggesting lower excretion and higher bioaccumulation of 6PPDQ. In pregnant mice treated with 6PPD or 6PPDQ from embryonic day 11.5 to 15.5, 6PPDQ showed ∼1.5-8 times higher concentrations than 6PPD in placenta, embryo body, and embryo brain, suggesting higher placental transfer of 6PPDQ. Using in vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, we revealed that 6PPDQ activated the human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) at concentrations as low as 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold higher than the concentrations detected in human urines. 6PPD activated the RXRα at concentrations as low as 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate the exposure risks of 6PPD and 6PPDQ during pregnancy and emphasize the need for further toxicological and epidemiological investigations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.