ArticleAnnals of internal medicine2023
Incidence of and Factors Associated With Recurrent Firearm Injury Among Patients Presenting to St. Louis Trauma Centers, 2010 to 2019 : A Cohort Study.
Article in Annals of internal medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Crisis of Adolescent Firearm Reinjury: A 14-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Hospital pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Initial Injury Type and Violent Reinjury.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Trends in fatal and non-fatal injuries in the United States: analyzing incidence and costs from 2015 to 2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Goal completion among participants of a region-wide hospital-based violence intervention program: an observational cohort study.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Article
- Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders After Nonfatal Firearm Injury.JAMA psychiatry · 2025Article
- Evaluation of a Region-Wide Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program : A Pilot Cohort Study.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Observational
- Firearm Screening and Gun Lock Distribution in an Urban, Academic Pediatric Emergency Department.Pediatric emergency care · 2025Observational
- Understanding the broader impacts of non-fatal firearm violence trauma in the United States: a scoping review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Correlation of Ultrasound and Electrodiagnostic Evaluation in Ballistic Peripheral Nerve Injuries.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Machine learning classification of new firearm injury encounters in the St Louis region: 2010-2020.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Recurrent Pediatric Firearm Injury : A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Analysis.Annals of internal medicine · 2024Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFirearm injuries are a public health crisis in the United States.
objectiveTo examine the incidence and factors associated with recurrent firearm injuries and death among patients presenting with an acute (index), nonfatal firearm injury.
designMulticenter, observational, cohort study.
settingFour adult and pediatric level I trauma hospitals in St. Louis, Missouri, 2010 to 2019.
participantsConsecutive adult and pediatric patients ( MEASUREMENTS: Data on firearm-injured patient demographics, hospital and diagnostic information, health insurance status, and death were collected from the St. Louis Region-Wide Hospital-Based Violence Intervention Program Data Repository. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Social Vulnerability Index was used to characterize the social vulnerability of the census tracts of patients' residences. Analysis included descriptive statistics and time-to-event analyses estimating the probability of experiencing a recurrent firearm injury.
resultsWe identified 10 293 acutely firearm-injured patients of whom 9553 survived the injury and comprised the analytic sample. Over a median follow-up of 3.5 years (IQR, 1.5 to 6.4 years), 1155 patients experienced a recurrent firearm injury including 5 firearm suicides and 149 fatal firearm injuries. Persons experiencing recurrent firearm injury were young (25.3 ± 9.5 years), predominantly male (93%), Black (96%), and uninsured (50%), and resided in high social vulnerability regions (65%). The estimated risk for firearm reinjury was 7% at 1 year and 17% at 8 years. LIMITATIONS: Limited data on comorbidities and patient-level social determinants of health. Inability to account for recurrent injuries presenting to nonstudy hospitals.
conclusionRecurrent injury and death are frequent among survivors of firearm injury, particularly among patients from socially vulnerable areas. Our findings highlight the need for interventions to prevent recurrence. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Emergency Medicine Foundation-AFFIRM and Missouri Foundation for Health.
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