ArticleHemaSphere2023
In Vitro 3D Spheroid Culture System Displays Sustained T Cell-dependent CLL Proliferation and Survival.
Article in HemaSphere, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Scaffold-free three-dimensional culture of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia preserves B-T-cell cross-talk and enables drug response profiling.British journal of haematology · 2026Article
- Review
- Next-generation models for lymphoid malignancies: the rise of 3D culture systems in translational hematology.British journal of cancer · 2026Review
- A 3D lymph node model for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia recapitulates microenvironmental features and drug response in vitro.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- CCL19bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Investigating autophagy and miRNAs as therapeutic targets in leukemia.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Understanding hairy cell leukemia in the context of mature B-cell neoplasms: tumor microenvironment and extracellular vesicle contribution to disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of 3D biomimetic microcarriers for enhancing therapeutic efficacy of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in psoriasis treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Developing a 3D Model Culture of an EBV+/CD30+ B-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Cell Line to Assay Brentuximab Vedotin Treatment.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Disruption of constitutive CXCR4 oligomers impairs oncogenic properties in lymphoid neoplasms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Lymphoma-on-chip model reveals that lymph node stromal cells promote diffuse large B-cell lymphoma survival and migration.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- An overview of immunotoxicity in drug discovery and development.Toxicology letters · 2025Review
- Impact of mitochondrial metabolism on T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- CD40L and IL-4 suppress NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through the HLA-E:NKG2A axis.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Article
- A question of TiME: how microenvironmental interactions shape response to immunotherapy in CLL and Richter Transformation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Spheroid culture to select theoretical therapeutic drugs in intravascular large B-cell lymphoma.Cancer science · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells are highly dependent on microenvironmental cells and signals. The lymph node (LN) is the critical site of in vivo CLL proliferation and development of resistance to both chemotherapy and targeted agents. We present a new model that incorporates key aspects of the CLL LN, which enables investigation of CLL cells in the context of a protective niche. We describe a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system using ultra-low attachment plates to create spheroids of CLL cells derived from peripheral blood. Starting from CLL:T cell ratios as observed in LN samples, CLL activation was induced by either direct stimulation and/or indirectly via T cells. Compared with two-dimensional cultures, 3D cultures promoted CLL proliferation in a T cell-dependent manner, and enabled expansion for up to 7 weeks, including the formation of follicle-like structures after several weeks of culture. This model enables high-throughput drug screening, of which we describe response to Btk inhibition, venetoclax resistance, and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity as examples. In summary, we present the first LN-mimicking in vitro 3D culture for primary CLL, which enables readouts such as real-time drug screens, kinetic growth assays, and spatial localization. This is the first in vitro CLL system that allows testing of response and resistance to venetoclax and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the context of the tumor microenvironment, thereby opening up new possibilities for clinically useful applications.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.