Trial reportJournal of hepatocellular carcinoma2023
Efficacy of Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Infusion Plus Transarterial Embolization vs Transarterial Embolization Alone for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04011033 (Study of Adoptive Transfer of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Combined With TAE/TACE to Treat Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Study of Adoptive Transfer of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells Combined With TAE/TACE to Treat Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): Phase II Clinical Trial
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lithocholic acid-activated VDR in macrophages promotes HCC recurrence post-ablation via SOCS3-mediated suppression of CXCL16.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Generation of iPSC-Derived iNKT Cells with Pro-Hematopoietic Activity.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Therapy Attenuates Systemic Inflammation and Improves Transarterial Chemoembolization Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Preclinical exploration and current clinical applications of immunotherapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Facts and Hopes of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected NK T Cells.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Nanostrategies synergize with locoregional interventional therapies for boosting antitumor immunity.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Emerging Trends in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Focus on Liver Transplant Candidates.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Invariant NK T cells counteract HCC metastasis by mediating the migration of splenic CD4Communications biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Exploration of the role of immune cells and cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Global trends and frontiers in iNKT cells: a bibliometric and visualized analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- CAR-iNKT cells: redefining the frontiers of cellular immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Human CD4Immunology · 2024Article
- The Roles of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Liver Disease.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Traversing the bench to bedside journey for iNKT cell therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Τ cell-mediated adaptive immunity in the transition from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Comparative assessment of autologous and allogeneic iNKT cell transfer in iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) are CD1d-restricted T cells with the capacity of antitumor immunity. The safety of autologous iNKT cell treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been verified. This study aimed to investigate its efficacy in advanced HCC after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) failure. Patients and methods: This open-label, randomized, controlled, trial enrolled 60 patients with unresectable HCC after TACE failure at three centers. Transarterial embolization (TAE) was used instead of TACE to protect iNKT cell function. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive TAE therapy with (TAE-iNKT) or without (TAE) biweekly iNKT cell infusion. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), quality of life (QoL), peripheral blood cell count, and safety. Results: Fifty-four patients completed the study. Median PFS was significantly higher in TAE-iNKT patients (5.7 months [95% CI, 4.3-7.0 months]) compared with TAE patients (2.7 months [95% CI, 2.3-3.2 months]; hazard ratio 0.32 [95% CI, 0.16-0.63]; Conclusion: iNKT cell infusion significantly improved PFS, ORR, DCR, and QoL with manageable toxicity during TAE therapy in patients with HCC. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04011033.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.