[Epidemiology and diagnosis of urinary lithiasis: a cross-sectional study in a Cameroonian based population].

Introduction: urinary stone is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of concretions in the urinary tract. The diagnosis of urinary lithiasis is based on clinical and imaging findings. The objective of this study was to determine the profile of patients suffering from urolithiasis in the city of Yaounde. Methods: this was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection. Patients with an age > 15 years and patients diagnosed with lithiasis confirmed by medical imaging were included in our study. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical and paraclinical. Results: a total of 120 patients were included in our study. The mean age was 40.46±12.62 years with extremes from 19 to 74 years. Male gender was predominant at 60.8% (n=73). Renal colic was the circumstance found in 67.5% (n=81). Physical examination was normal in 55.8% (n=67). Insufficient hydration was found in 45% (n=61) of cases. Abdominal scanner was the most performed examination in our study in 50.7% (n=61). The median stone density was 731 Hounsfield units [346; 1183.5]. The stones were predominantly located in the upper tract. The left renal topography was predominant in 35% (n=42) of cases. Urine culture revealed Escherichia Coli at 60% (n=15). Blood calcium, phosphorus and uricemia were requested in 15.8% (n=19), 0.8% (n=1) and 12.5% (n=15) of cases, respectively. The results were normal. In the absence of a laboratory specialized in biochemical analysis of calculi, a minority of patients (n=3) benefited from spectrophotometry. Conclusion: urinary lithiasis is a disease of men in their forties. Renal colic is the main revealing sign. The diagnosis is revealed by the abdominal scanner in half of the cases. Metabolic assessment and constitutional analysis of the calculus are still very rarely requested.