ArticleJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases2023
Relationship between patient sex and anatomical sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Mali.
Article in Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical spectrum of extrapulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care centre in Ghana: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sex as a Biological Variable in Tuberculosis Pathogenesis.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in The Netherlands, an epidemiologic overview, 1993-2022.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Comparative Insights into COVID-19 and Tuberculosis: Clinical Manifestations, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcomes in Pulmonary Versus Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis andJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Colliding Challenges Part 2: An Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Versus SARS-CoV-2 Infection Alone.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
30 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Contribution of host factors in mediating susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis is not well understood. Objective: To examine the influence of patient sex on anatomical localization of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in Mali, West Africa. Hospital records of 1,304 suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, available in TB Registry of a tertiary tuberculosis referral center from 2019 to 2021, were examined. Results: A total of 1,012 (77.6%) were confirmed to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a male to female ratio of 1.59:1. Four clinical forms of EPTB predominated, namely pleural (40.4%), osteoarticular (29.8%), lymph node (12.5%), and abdominal TB (10.3%). We found sex-based differences in anatomical localization of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with males more likely than females to have pleural TB (OR: 1.51; 95% CI [1.16 to 1.98]). Conversely, being male was associated with 43% and 41% lower odds of having lymph node and abdominal TB, respectively (OR: 0.57 and 0.59). Conclusion: Anatomical sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis differ by sex with pleural TB being associated with male sex while lymph node and abdominal TB are predominately associated with female sex. Future studies are warranted to understand the role of sex in mediating anatomical site preference of tuberculosis.
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Registered trials
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