ArticleSocial development (Oxford, England)2022
Between a boy and a girl: Measuring gender identity on a continuum.
Article in Social development (Oxford, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- What do measures of gender identity tell us about gender identity over time?The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Gender Identity and Preferences in Children with Variations in Sex DevelopmentJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Implicit and explicit gender identification in autistic and nonautistic gender clinic-referred youth, and their caregivers.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Developmental Progression of Perceived Gender Similarity in Early Adolescence.The Journal of early adolescence · 2026Article
- Operationalising social transition in trans and gender diverse youth: a scoping review of definitions and measures.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating the reliability of a revised two-step assessment of sex and gender in adolescents and adults.International journal of social research methodology · 2025Article
- Stability and Change in Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Across Childhood and Adolescence.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · 2025Article
- Gender identity importance in cisgender and gender diverse adolescents in the US and Canada.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Parents' mental state language and child gender: A scoping review of developmental evidence.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Memory biases for gender-typed images in a gender-diverse group of children.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2025Article
- Egalitarian preferences in young children depend on the genders of the interacting partners.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- Gender Development in Gender Diverse Children.Annual review of developmental psychology · 2022Article
- Endorsement of gender stereotypes in gender diverse and cisgender adolescents and their parents.PloS one · 2022Article
- Scientific authorship by gender: trends before and during a global pandemic.Humanities & social sciences communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of gender development typically use binary, discrete measures of identity. However, growing literature indicates that some children might not identify with a binary gender. We tested a continuous measure of felt gender identity with gender-nonconforming children, socially-transitioned transgender children, cisgender siblings, and unrelated cisgender children. In two studies, we found that transgender and cisgender children did not differ in their degree of identifying as their current gender, that they showed more binary identities compared to gender-nonconforming children, and that the continuum was a valid predictor of other measures of gender development. We also found that children's use of the continuous measure was stable over time. Our results demonstrate the test-retest reliability and validity of a new single-item continuous measure of gender.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.