ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2023
Treatment without consent in adult psychiatry inpatient units: a retrospective study on predictive factors.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Involuntary Clozapine Treatment: A Systematic Review.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2026Pooled it
- Gender and other diversity-related factors in psychiatric hospital care: protocol for the participatory mixed-methods PSY-DIVER study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for seclusion and restraint: results of a retrospective analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Effect of coercive measures on mental health status in adult psychiatric populations: a nationwide trial emulation.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Coercion is one of the most important challenges in mental health. In Switzerland, forced medication can be applied during an emergency (Art. 435 of the Civil Code) or over a longer period in case of endangerment of others or oneself (Art. 434). We aimed to analyze the predictors of this specific treatment without consent. Methods: Forced medication prescriptions in the Division of Adult Psychiatry of the Geneva University Hospitals between 2018 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Medication under Article 434 was the main outcome variable. Age, gender, admission mode, main diagnosis, and the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) score at admission were considered as potential predictors. Results: Seventy-one out of 4,326 inpatients were subjected to forced medication under Art. 434. HoNOS global scores at admission were not significantly different in the forced medication group compared to the control group. Aggressive behavior was lower in the former at the univariate level. Forced medication was associated at the multivariate level with female gender, involuntary admission, and psychosis. Conclusion: Women suffering from psychosis are more at risk of receiving involuntary and repeated medication. The risk of deterioration in psychosocial functioning or behavioral disorganization seems to be the main argument for this coercive measure. Future studies should focus on the patient's perception of this coercion to prevent it and improve adherence to care. Follow-up after discharge might be useful to evaluate a long-term benefit.
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