ArticleTransplantation direct2023
Sex and Gender Disparities in Living Kidney Donation: A Scoping Review.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health status of living kidney donors and attitude toward donation-Results from the German Living Donor Registry (SOLKID-GNR).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Willingness to Be Evaluated for Living Kidney Donation.Progress in transplantation (Aliso Viejo, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Sex-related disparities in cognitive impairment in kidney transplant patients with kidney failure.Journal of nephrology · 2025Article
- Reduced Access to Second Kidney Transplantation Among Adolescent Girls.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Perspectives of Transplant Professionals on Gender Differences in Living Kidney Donation.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the gender gap in living kidney donation and transplantation- a regional perspective from Punjab, Pakistan.BMC nephrology · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Evaluation of Prospective Living Kidney Donors in Qatar: A Profile of Prospective Donors, Process, and Outcomes.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Sex and Gender Disparities in Kidney Transplantation.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2025Review
- Family-Related Motivation and Regret Intensity Among Family Liver Donors by Type of Family Relationship.Annals of transplantation · 2025Article
- Barriers and willingness to express consent to organ donation among the Kazakhstani population.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Gender disparity in living organ donation: a qualitative analysis of experiences and perceptions of female donors in Pakistan.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Developing an Analytic Tool Using a Participatory Research Approach to Examine Gender Differences in the Living Kidney Donation Process.Canadian journal of kidney health and disease · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of National Kidney Registry Integration at a Single Center in the Northern Great Plains.Journal of transplantation · 2025Article
- [Sex differences in hepatobiliary and transplantation surgery].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Post-Donation Evaluation: Emotional Needs for Social Connection and Social Support among Living Kidney Donors-A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Relationships, race/ethnicity, gender, age, and living kidney donation evaluation willingness.Transplant immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding the dynamics of deceased organ donation and utilization in Colombia.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Women are more likely than men to be living kidney donors. We summarized the evidence concerning the reasons behind sex and gender disparities in living kidney donation (LKD). Methods: A scoping review of quantitative and qualitative evidence on reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD was conducted from inception to March 2023. Results: Of 1123 studies screened, 45 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were from North America, Europe, and Central Asia (n = 33, 73%). A predominance of women as living donors (55%-65%) was observed in 15 out of 18 (83%) studies. Reasons for sex and gender disparities in LKD included socioeconomic, biological, and cognitive or emotional factors. A gendered division of roles within the families was observed in most studies, with men being the primary income earner and women being the main caregiver. Fear of loss of income was a barrier to male donation. Human leukocyte antigen sensitization through pregnancy in female recipients precluded male partner donation, whereas female donation was supported by altruism and a positive attitude toward LKD. Conclusions: Sex imbalance in LKD is prevalent, with a predominance of women as living donors. Such disparities are driven by societal and cultural perceptions of gender roles, pregnancy-induced sensitization, and attitudes toward donation and at least some of these factors are modifiable. Donor compensation to support predonation assessments and income loss, implementation of innovative desensitization treatments, promotion of paired kidney exchange program, and targeted educational initiatives to promote equitable living donation may help to close the gender gap in LKD.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.