Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37634198›Full record

ArticleCellular and molecular neurobiology2023

Effects of Ischemic Stroke on Interstitial Fluid Clearance in Mouse Brain: a Bead Study.

Tuo Yang, Yang Sun, Qianqian Li, Nour Alraqmany, Feng Zhang

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 29% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tuo YangDepartment of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-3014
Yang SunDepartment of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Qianqian LiDepartment of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Nour AlraqmanyDepartment of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
Feng ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. zhanfx2@upmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7275-9989
University of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

A novel mechanism of neurovascular protection in ischemic toleranceR01NS092810 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI ZHANG, FENG · 2015 to 2020
$1.7M
NIH HHS NS092810NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS092810
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The clearance of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) is important in maintaining brain homeostasis. ISF clearance impairment leads to toxic material accumulation in the brain, and ischemic stroke could impair ISF clearance. The present study investigates ISF clearance under normal and ischemic conditions. The carboxylate-modified FluoSpheres beads (0.04 μm in diameter) were injected into the striatum. Sham or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion surgeries were performed on the mice. The brain sections were immunostained with cell markers, and bead distribution at various time points was examined with a confocal microscope. Primary mouse neuronal cultures were incubated with the beads to explore in vitro endocytosis.  Two physiological routes for ISF clearance were identified. The main one was to the lateral ventricle (LV) through the cleft between the striatum and the corpus callosum (CC)/external capsule (EC), where some beads were captured by the ependymal macrophages and choroid plexus. An alternative and minor route was to the subarachnoid space through the CC/EC and the cortex, where some of the beads were endocytosed by neurons. After ischemic stroke, a significant decrease in the main route and an increase in the minor route were observed. Additionally, microglia/macrophages engulfed the beads in the infarction. In conclusion, we report that the physiological clearance of ISF and beads mainly passes through the cleft between the CC/EC and striatum into the LV, or alternatively through the cortex into the subarachnoid space. Stroke delays the main route but enhances the minor route, and microglia/macrophages engulf the beads in the infarction. Ischemic stroke impairs the clearance of brain interstitial fluid/beads. Under physiological conditions, the main route ( ① ) of interstitial fluid clearance is to the lateral ventricle, and the minor one ( ② ) is to the subarachnoid space. Ischemic stroke weakens the main route ( ① ), enhances the minor one ( ② ), and leads to microglial/macrophage phagocytosis within the infarction ( ③ ).

Indexed as

Ischemic StrokeStrokeAnimalsBrainExtracellular FluidInfarction, Middle Cerebral ArteryMiceMicrogliaEndocytosisGlymphatic pathwayMacrophageNeuronal phagocytosisPost-stroke cognitive impairment

Identifiers

PMID37634198
PMCPMC11407736
OpenAlexW4386203839

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.