ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2024
Severe anal intraepithelial neoplasia trends and subsequent invasive anal cancer in the United States.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and Safety of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Treatment Modalities: A Systematic Review.ANZ journal of surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Interventions for anal canal intraepithelial neoplasia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Design and initial findings of a natural history study of anal HPV and associated lesions among young adult women in Costa Rica.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- Extended High-Risk HPV Genotyping With BD Onclarity Enhances Anal Cancer Screening Among High-Risk Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostic cytopathology · 2026Article
- Anal Cancer Screening and High-Resolution Anoscopy: What Surgeons Should Know.ANZ journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Genotyping and Cytology Co-Testing for Anal Cancer Screening: Exploratory Evaluation of Cumulative HPV Genotype Burden as a New Potential Marker for Risk Stratification.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcomes.Cancers · 2026Review
- Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) - "Sulfonyl", and anal cancer outcomes from patients living with HIV: a retrospective cohort.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Racial and ethnic differences in HPV-related cancer incidence in the United States, 2001-2020.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Differences in Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates Among People With HIV During 2001-2019 by Race and Ethnicity and by Risk Group in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III is a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma of the anus for which rates are nearly 20-fold higher in people with HIV than in the general population in the United States. We describe trends in anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis and risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III by HIV status and sex.
methodsWe used data from a population-based linkage between cancer and HIV registries in 11 US states; Puerto Rico; and Washington, DC, during 1996-2019. We identified all individuals with a diagnosis of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III and determined their HIV status. We estimated the average annual percentage change of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III using Poisson regression stratified by HIV status and sex. We estimated the 5-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following an anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis stratified by sex, HIV status, and prior AIDS diagnosis.
resultsAmong people with HIV, average annual percentage changes for anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III were 15% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 12% to 17%) per year among females and 12% (95% CI = 11% to 14%) among males. Average annual percentage changes for those without HIV were 8% (95% CI = 7% to 8%) for females and 8% (95% CI = 6% to 9%) for males. Among people with HIV, a prior AIDS diagnosis was associated with a 2.7-fold (95% CI = 2.23 to 3.40) and 1.9-fold (95% CI = 1.72 to 2.02) increased risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis for females and males, respectively. Five-year cumulative incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the anus following anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III for people with HIV with a prior AIDS diagnosis were 3.4% and 3.7% for females and males, respectively.
conclusionsRates of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnoses have increased since 1996, particularly for people with HIV, likely influenced by increased screening. A prior AIDS diagnosis was strongly associated with risk of anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade III diagnosis.
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