Observational studyActa obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica2023
Analysis of the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the pelvic floor in cystocele.
Observational study in Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strategy of Delayed Midurethral Sling Surgery for Pelvic Organ Prolapse with Stress Urinary Incontinence after Laparoscopic Lateral Abdominal Wall Suspension.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Premenopausal women with pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor symptoms at a tertiary hospital in Thailand: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Fortifying the foundation: assessing the role of uterine ligament integrity in uterine prolapse and beyond.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- Real-world clinical effectiveness of nonsurgical treatments for female with POP-Q stage II cystocele: a retrospective analysis of therapeutic efficacy.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- Analysis of the anatomical and biomechanical characteristics of the pelvic floor in cystocele.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionStress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs due to disruption of the pelvic floor anatomy; however, the complexity of the pelvic floor support structures and individual patient differences make it difficult to identify the weak points in the pelvic floor support that cause SUI to occur, develop, and recur. This study aimed to analyze the pelvic floor anatomy, structural features, and biomechanics of cystoceles to develop more effective treatment plans with individualized and precise healthcare. MATERIAL AND
methodsIn this observational case-controlled study (clinical trial identifier BOJI201855L), 102 women with normal pelvic floor function and 273 patients diagnosed with cystocele degrees I-III were identified at Shanghai General Hospital from October 2016 to December 2019. We combined ultrasound and vaginal tactile imaging (VTI) to assess the anatomy and biomechanical functions of the anterior and posterior vaginal walls. Both examinations included relaxation and muscle tension tests.
resultsOf the 42 VTI parameters, 13 were associated with the degree of cystocele, six with an increase in the urethral rotation angle (pointing to the mobility of the urethra), and six with a decrease in the retrovesical angle (pointing to hypsokinesis and decrease in bladder position). According to these data, the strength of tissues, especially the muscles in both the anterior and posterior compartments, contributes to the stability of the pelvic floor structure. The strength of the levator ani muscle (LAM) is important for the degree of cystocele, mobility of the urethra, hypsokinesis, and decrease in bladder position.
conclusionsIn general, the biomechanical status of the pelvic floor in patients with cystocele is complex and involves various muscles, ligaments, tendons, and fascia. Of these, repair and exercise of the LAM have not received much attention in the treatment of patients with cystoceles, which may be an important risk factor for the high recurrence rate.
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