ArticlePharmaceutics2023
Sustained Inhibition of VEGF and TNF-α Achieves Multi-Ocular Protection and Prevents Formation of Blood Vessels after Severe Ocular Trauma.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal changes and treatment in ocular alkali burn: a systematic review of animal models and case reports summary.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- Aptamer-Based Delivery Systems for VEGF and NGF Modulation in Ocular Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Transforming corneal alkali burn treatment: unveiling mechanisms and pioneering therapies from bench to bedside.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber and Ganglion Cell Layers After Chemical Injury: A Prospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Adaptation Drives Monocyte Differentiation into Microglia-Like Cells Upon Engraftment into the Central Nervous System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Advances in the molecular signaling mechanisms of VEGF/VEGFR2 in fundus neovascularization disease (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- Progress in Nanotechnology for Treating Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries: Reflecting on Advances in Ophthalmology.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Mechanism and application of injectable hydrogel as carrier system in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Article
- Advancements and emerging trends in ophthalmic anti-VEGF therapy: a bibliometric analysis.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- The prophylactic value of TNF-α inhibitors against retinal cell apoptosis and optic nerve axon loss after corneal surgery or trauma.Acta ophthalmologica · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to develop a clinically feasible and practical therapy for multi-ocular protection following ocular injury by using a thermosensitive drug delivery system (DDS) for sustained delivery of TNF-α and VEGF inhibitors to the eye.
methodsA thermosensitive, biodegradable hydrogel DDS (PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock polymer) loaded with 0.7 mg of adalimumab and 1.4 mg of aflibercept was injected subconjunctivally into Dutch-belted pigmented rabbits after corneal alkali injury. Control rabbits received 2 mg of IgG-loaded DDS or 1.4 mg of aflibercept-loaded DDS. Animals were followed for 3 months and assessed for tolerability and prevention of corneal neovascularization (NV), improvement of corneal re-epithelialization, inhibition of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and optic nerve axon loss, and inhibition of immune cell infiltration into the cornea. Drug-release kinetics was assessed in vivo using an aqueous humor protein analysis.
resultsA single subconjunctival administration of dual anti-TNF-α/anti-VEGF DDS achieved a sustained 3-month delivery of antibodies to the anterior chamber, iris, ciliary body, and retina. Administration after corneal alkali burn suppressed CD45
conclusionsConcomitant inhibition of TNF-α and VEGF prevents corneal neovascularization and ameliorates subsequent irreversible damage to the retina and optic nerve after severe ocular injury. A single subconjunctival administration of this therapy, using a biodegradable, slow-release thermosensitive DDS, achieved the sustained elution of therapeutic levels of antibodies to all ocular tissues for 3 months. This therapeutic approach has the potential to dramatically improve the outcomes of severe ocular injuries in patients and improve the therapeutic outcomes in patients with retinal vascular diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.