Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37629959›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023

Development of a Layer Made of Natural Fibers to Improve the Ecological Performance of the Face Mask Type II.

Jerzy Mańkowski, Małgorzata Zimniewska, Weronika Gieparda, Barbara Romanowska, Anna Kicińska-Jakubowska, Jacek Kołodziej, Joanna Foksowicz-Flaczyk, Szymon Rojewski, Krzysztof Bujnowicz, Patrycja Przybylska and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jerzy MańkowskiInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
Małgorzata ZimniewskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3917-9872
Weronika GiepardaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6532-2110
Barbara RomanowskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-8237-621X
Anna Kicińska-JakubowskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1886-9997
Jacek KołodziejInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3981-5998
Joanna Foksowicz-FlaczykInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6560-7274
Szymon RojewskiInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1974-0407
Krzysztof BujnowiczInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
Patrycja PrzybylskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
Edyta KwiatkowskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3447-5007
M D Masud AlamInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
Wanda RóżańskaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.
Aleksandra WawroInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-3773-0982
Elżbieta Hołderna-KędziaInstitute of Natural Fibers and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznan, Poland.

Funding

The National Centre for Research and Development POIR.01.01.01-00-0597/21-00
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a natural nonwoven layer made of cottonized bleached flax and cotton fibers which is suitable to replace one of the three polypropylene layers of face mask type II in order to reduce non-biodegradable waste production and limit the negative impact of used masks on the environment. The work focused on the design of a nonwoven structure based on properly blending cotton and flax fibers as well as ensuring the cover factor, which can support the mask's barrier properties against air dust particles and does not make breathing difficult. Additionally, a biodegradable film was developed to connect the nonwoven layer with the other polypropylene filtering layers. The effectiveness of the biodeterioration of the flax/cotton nonwoven was evaluated based on a test of the susceptibility of materials to the action of soil microorganisms. The flax/cotton nonwoven layer was tested in terms of mechanical, physical, and biophysical properties, and an analysis of the covering of the nonwoven surface with fibers was conducted as well. The results confirmed that the structure of flax/cotton nonwovens is suitable to replace the nondegradable polypropylene layer of the face mask type II to improve its environmental performance.

Indexed as

cottonecological aspectsface mask type IIflax fibersnonwovenpolymer film

Identifiers

PMID37629959
PMCPMC10456554

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.