ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Modification of Bulk Density, Flow Property and Crystallinity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Prepared from Waste Cotton.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Influence of a Thermostable Fungal Xylanase Combined With Multi-Enzyme Complexes on the Structure, Physicochemical, and Functional Properties of Dietary Fiber From Hawthorn Pomace.Journal of food science · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and Evaluation of Multiple-Unit Tablets for the Controlled Release of Lornoxicam.Drugs in R&D · 2026Article
- Physicochemical characterization of banana pseudostem, peduncle, and leaf-derived microcrystalline cellulose as directly compressible excipients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prediction Factors for Quality Risks in the Pharmaceutical Development of Tablets Bisoprolol Fumarate with Indapamide.Current computer-aided drug design · 2026Article
- Development and optimization of guaifenesin sustained release mini-tablets for adult and geriatric patients.Therapeutic delivery · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The most affordable type of tablet is the immediately compressible tablet, which uses microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), a popular pharmaceutical excipient, as a filler or binder. To make it compatible with different active drugs and excipients, we tried to change some physical properties of the MCC. In the current study, we used a chelating agent to pretreat the waste cotton before pulping, bleaching, and finally, hydrochloric acid degradation with a concentration of 2N at 100 °C temperature for 20 min to prepare MCC. The prepared MCC was treated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide at room temperature or at -20 °C followed by precipitation with hydrochloric acid or ethanol with complete washing with distilled water till neutralization. Evaluation of the degree of polymerization (DP) and FT-IR spectrum confirm the identity of the microcrystalline cellulose. The DP was found to be 216. The bulk density of the unmodified MCC was 0.21 while that of modified MCC varied from 0.253 to 0.594. The modified MCC powder showed good flow properties compared to the unmodified MCC as evaluated by the Hausner index, Carr's index and the angle of repose. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the MCC revealed that the rod shape has been changed to an oval shape due to treatment with sodium hydroxide at -20 °C. The X-ray crystallographic (XRD) analysis indicated that the unmodified MCC and standard MCC showed the crystallinity index (CrI) value of 86.82% and 87.63%, respectively, while the value ranges from 80.18% to 60.7% among the modified MCC powder. The differences in properties of the MCC might be due to the variation of rearrangement of the cellulose chain among the MCC particles due to treatment with different concentrations of a base at different temperatures and precipitation environments. This has enabled us to prepare MCC with different properties which might be compatible with different drugs.
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