ArticleChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Long-Term Non-Congenital Cardiac and Renal Complications in Down Syndrome: A Study of 32,936 Patients.
Article in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Age- and sex-specific serum creatinine reference curves in children and adolescents with Down syndrome.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- What Is Known About Persons with Intellectual Disabilities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors-A Scoping Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lifestyle intervention and cognitive outcomes in Down syndrome: a horizon 21 European Down syndrome consortium scoping review.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in individuals with Down syndrome: a nationwide cohort study.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Cargo of small extracellular vesicles from neuronal origin shows progression of dementia in individuals with Down syndrome.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with Down syndrome are at a higher risk of cardiac, renal, and other health issues due to a complex disease physiology. However, few data exist on long-term disease risks to guide prevention and care. We aimed to determine the 10-year incidence of cardiac, renal, and urinary tract complications in Down syndrome versus matched controls.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study utilized a large collaborative database. We identified 32,444 patients with Down syndrome and matched controls, excluding those with pre-follow-up target events. Covariates included demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Outcomes were ischemic heart disease, hypertension, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, urinary tract infections and chronic kidney disease. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using Cox regression and plotted Kaplan-Meier survival curves.
findingsOver 10 years, Down syndrome patients showed a 3.7-fold higher ischemic heart disease risk (95% CI: 3.0-4.6) and a 1.6-fold higher hypertension risk (95% CI: 1.4-1.8) versus controls. Hypothyroidism (HR = 2.0; 95% CI: 1.7-2.4), epilepsy (HR = 4.5; 95% CI: 3.5-5.8), and urinary tract infection (HR = 3.9; 95% CI: 3.4-4.6) risks were also higher. Chronic kidney disease risk was 2.7-fold greater (95% CI: 2.1-3.5). Survival analysis confirmed a significantly higher incidence of all outcomes in Down syndrome (
interpretationThis large study found major health challenges in Down syndrome, with risks 3- to 5-fold higher for chronic conditions versus matched controls over 10 years. Though survival remains high with proper care, focusing resources on the prevention and management of complications in this high-risk group can optimize well-being across the lifespan. Future research accounting for limitations here would provide definitive estimates of disease risk in Down syndrome to guide targeted health strategies.
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