ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2023
The Adaptation of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to the Hierarchy of Dogs' Needs Using a Consensus Building Approach.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stress, needs, and behaviour: understanding chronic stress in pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from the prism of needs.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Professional perspectives on recurrent characteristics of dogs with separation-related problems: a qualitative study in three nordic countries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interspecies Relational Theory: A Framework for Compassionate Interspecies Interactions.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- The Selection and Training of Shelter Dogs for Involvement in Canine-Assisted Interventions: What Are the Ethical Issues?Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Anticipatory Behaviour During the Approach to Feeding Times as a Measure of Horse Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Celebrating Women in Science: Pioneering Contributions to Animal Behaviour and Welfare.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- The agency domain and behavioral interactions: assessing positive animal welfare using the Five Domains Model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is crucial for good dog welfare that humans be able to accurately and adequately recognize and meet dogs' needs. However, humans may do a poor job of recognizing dogs' needs due to their tendency to anthropomorphize. The aim of this study was to develop a framework for dogs' needs that would help humans to recognize and meet their actual needs, thereby improving dogs' quality of life. Using the Delphi method, to reach as close to a consensus as possible from an expert panel, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs was adapted to become the Dogs' Hierarchy of Needs. To do so, the relevant scientific literature was reviewed to identify 37 specific dog needs, which were group into seven need groups. Those groups were then organized onto five need levels, which were as analogous to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs as possible. The expert panel was asked to assess various aspects of the adapted hierarchy in comparison to the original, including face validity, whether they agreed with how the need levels were ordered in terms of importance/priority, and whether they felt that any need groups should be more or less prioritized for any specific dog categories (e.g., senior dogs). After three rounds of expert feedback, there was sufficient consensus for all aspects except items pertaining to the prioritization of any
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.