ArticleCells2023
Immunotherapy around the Clock: Impact of Infusion Timing on Stage IV Melanoma Outcomes.
Article in Cells, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Time-of-Day Immunotherapy Administration and Outcomes in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of immunotherapy-infusion time of day on survival of patients with advanced cancers: a study-level meta-analysis.ESMO open · 2024Pooled it
- Overall survival according to timing of immune checkpoint inhibitors administration in patients with advanced cancer: results from a large single-centre cohort analysis.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of time-of-day on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients: an up-to-date clinical review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Timing of immune checkpoint inhibitor infusion predicts survival in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Chrono-immunotherapy's current and future optimization strategies: immunotherapy timing in line with the circadian rhythm brings longer survival benefits.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Symptom Fluctuations in Malignant Tumor Patients: Stable by Day and Severe at Night.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- ChronoimmunoTOX: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study on How the Time of Administration Impacts Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy and Toxicity in Melanoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Life Factors and Melanoma: From the Macroscopic State to the Molecular Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Review
- Rhythm is essential: Unraveling the relation between the circadian clock and cancer.Critical reviews in oncology/hematology · 2025Review
- Personalization of Cancer Treatment: Exploring the Role of Chronotherapy in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Efficacy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Predictive role of peripheral blood indicators in the prognosis of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Overall survival according to time-of-day of combined immuno-chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of nivolumab monotherapy infusion time-of-day on short- and long-term outcomes in patients with metastatic gastric cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Circadian rhythms and cancer: implications for timing in therapy.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Survivors: From Oncogenesis to Quality of Life.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Why does circadian timing of administration matter for immune checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy?British journal of cancer · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although the impact of circadian timing on immunotherapy has yet to be integrated into clinical practice, chronoimmunotherapy is an emerging and promising field as circadian oscillations are observed in immune cell numbers as well as the expression of immunotherapy targets, e.g., programmed cell death protein-1 and its ligand programmed death ligand 1. Concurrent retrospective studies suggest that morning infusions may lead to higher effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and kidney cancer. This paper discusses the results of a retrospective study (2016-2022) exploring the impact of infusion timing on the outcomes of all 73 patients with stage IV melanoma receiving immunotherapy at a particular medical center. While the median overall survival (OS) was 24.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.04-39.8), for a median follow-up of 15.3 months, our results show that having more than 75% of infusions in the afternoon results in shorter median OS (14.9 vs. 38.1 months; hazard ratio 0.45 [CI 0.23-0.86];
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.