ArticleArchives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique2023
Associations between exposure to cadmium, lead, mercury and mixtures and women's infertility and long-term amenorrhea.
Article in Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioengineering Ovarian Endocrine Function: From Follicle Modeling to Cell-Based Hormone Therapy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Environmental estrogens and animal reproductive health: mechanisms, biomarkers, and intervention approaches.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Infertility Risk and Employment History Among US Women: Findings From National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Oral microbiome alterations and their association with long-term heavy metal exposure and early health effects.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Women's health and female fertility: current evidence and knowledge gaps in the Asia-Pacific region.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Review
- Associations of Essential and Non-Essential Trace Elements' Levels in the Blood, Serum, and Urine in Women with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Environmental heavy metal exposure and altering anti-Mullerian hormone levels in women.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Article
- Cross-sectional study on urinary metal concentrations in young adult residents of Emirate of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.PloS one · 2024Article
- Recent Progress on Fluorescent Probes in Heavy Metal Determinations for Food Safety: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) have been shown to exhibit endocrine disrupting properties. Their effects on women's reproductive health, however, remain elusive. Here, we investigated associations between blood concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, and their mixture and infertility and long-term amenorrhea in women aged 20-49 years using the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2018 cross-sectional survey.
methodsA total of 1,990 women were included for the analysis of infertility and 1,919 women for long-term amenorrhea. The methods of log-transformation and use of quartiles were used to analyze blood heavy metal concentrations. Statistical differences in the covariates between the outcome groups were evaluated using a chi-squared test for categorical variables and a t-test for continuous variables. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations.
resultsThe blood concentrations of Pb and heavy metal mixtures were significantly higher in ever-infertile women than pregnant women, but the concentrations of Cd and Hg were comparable. After full adjustment, multiple logistic regression analyses revealed a significant and dose-dependent positive association between blood Pb concentrations and women's historical infertility, a negative association between Cd and women's long-term amenorrhea, and no associations between Hg and heavy metal mixture and women's infertility or long-term amenorrhea.
conclusionsOur study suggests that exposure to heavy metals exhibit differential associations with history of infertility and amenorrhea, and Pb may adversely impact women's reproduction and heighten the risks of infertility and long-term amenorrhea.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.