Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37626235›Full record

ArticleSurgical endoscopy2023

Sex-based differences in inguinal hernia factors.

Sarah Pivo, Desmond Huynh, Cherin Oh, Shirin Towfigh

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical endoscopy, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Association between constipation and inguinal hernia: a case-control study in an adult population.Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery · 2025
    Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sarah PivoDepartment of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Desmond HuynhDepartment of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Cherin OhBeverly Hills Hernia Center, 450 N. Roxbury Dr., Suite 224, Beverly Hills, CA, 90210, USA.
Shirin TowfighBeverly Hills Hernia Center, 450 N. Roxbury Dr., Suite 224, Beverly Hills, CA, 90210, USA. DrTowfigh@BeverlyHillsHerniaCenter.com.ORCID 0000-0002-1016-7993
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center · USHernia Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMuch of our knowledge about inguinal hernias is based on males. Meanwhile, it is established that women have worse outcomes after inguinal hernia repair, with more chronic pain and higher recurrences. Pediatric literature shows inguinal hernias in females are more likely to be bilateral, incarcerated, and carry a stronger genetic predisposition than males. We aimed to evaluate sex-based differences in inguinal hernia factors in adults, to help supplement the paucity of literature in the adult population.

methodsAn institutional database of patients undergoing repair of primary inguinal hernias was queried with focus on preoperative risk factors and operative characteristics. Multivariate analysis was performed looking for independent variables associated with a greater number of hernia defects found intraoperatively.

resultsAmong 494 patients, 202 (40.9%) were female. Number of risk factors among females was significantly higher than males (1.53 vs 1.2, p = 0.003). Females had significantly more constipation, GERD, and asthma and lower BMI than males. Family history of hernias was similar between both sexes. As expected, females had significantly less direct hernias (12.9% vs 32.9%, p < 0.001) and more femoral hernias (38.5% vs 12.2%, p < 0.001) than males. Bilaterality was similar. Females undergoing inguinal hernia repair averaged 1.23 prior deliveries. Regression analysis showed age, sex, BMI, and number of deliveries were not correlated with the number of defects.

conclusionsFemales undergoing primary inguinal hernia repair had more preoperative risk factors for inguinal hernia than males. In our population, there was no higher incidence of bilaterality or significant genetic predisposition in females as noted by family history of hernias. Age, sex, BMI and number of deliveries did not correlate with the number of hernia defects found. Our study promotes awareness of inguinal hernias in females and presents new data to quantify sex-based differences and predispositions to inguinal hernias.

Indexed as

Hernia, FemoralHernia, InguinalLaparoscopyAdultChildFemaleGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHerniorrhaphyHumansMaleRisk FactorsGender studiesInguinal herniaInguinal hernias in womenRisk factors inguinal herniaSex-based differences

Identifiers

PMID37626235
OpenAlexW4386169378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.