ArticleScientific reports2023
An enzyme-based system for extraction of small extracellular vesicles from plants.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review on Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles released by in vitro plant cell cultures: emerging systems for vesicle-mediated communication and biomedical translation.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Natural Product-Derived Vesicles in Nanotherapeutics.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Review
- Progress, Challenges, and Standardization Pathways in the Isolation and Purification Techniques of Plant-Derived Vesicles.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Tool in Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Cargo-driven extracellular vesicles as pharmaceutical nanocarriers: A pharmaceutics-oriented comparison of animal exosomes and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Plant-derived nanovesicles: the intelligent nanoplatforms for therapeutics and drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Beyond Extracellular Vesicle (EV) Hype: Practical Solutions and Remaining Hurdles in EV Research, Manufacturing, and Clinical Translation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Mechanistic Insights into Plant-Derived Exosomes, Their Cross-Kingdom Effects, and Potential Biomedical Applications in Skin Wounds Repair.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery: A Unified Framework Integrating Extracellular Vesicles, Engineered Phytocarriers, Hybrid Platforms, and Bioinspired Systems.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles for drug delivery: current and future.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-like particles fromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: Resolving Conceptual Confusion, Overcoming Isolation Challenges, and Advancing Translational Potential.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles quality control: key process progress and future research directions.Discover nano · 2025Review
- An optimized protocol for plant extracellular vesicles isolation from Ophiopogon japonicus root: a comparative evaluation based on miRNA cargo.Plant methods · 2025Article
- Current progress of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles on the regulation of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.Annals of medicine · 2025Review
- Generalizability of Enzyme-Based Isolation Approach for Extracellular Vesicles From Traditional Medicinal Plants.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
- Emerging technologies towards extracellular vesicles large-scale production.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Plant-Derived Exosomes: Nano-Inducers of Cross-Kingdom Regulations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (NVs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are the next generation of nanocarrier platforms for biotherapeutics and drug delivery. EVs exist not only in the extracellular space, but also within the cell wall. Due to the limitations of existing isolation methods, the EVs extraction efficiency is low, and a large amount of plant material is wasted, which is of concern for rare and expensive medicinal plants. We proposed and validated a novel method for isolation of plant EVs by enzyme degradation of the plant cell wall to release the EVs. The released EVs can easily be collected. The new method was used for extraction of EVs from the roots of Morinda officinalis (MOEVs). For comparison, nanoparticles from the roots (MONVs) were extracted using the grinding method. The new method yielded a greater amount of MOEVs, and the vesicles had a smaller diameter compared to MONVs. Both MOEVs and MONVs were readily absorbed by endothelial cells without cytotoxic effect and promoted the expression of miR-155. The promotion of miR-155 by MOEVs was dose-dependent. More importantly, we found that MOEVs and MONVs were enriched toward bone tissue. These results support our hypothesis that EVs in plants could be efficiently extracted by enzymatic cell wall digestion and confirm the potential of MOEVs as therapeutic agents and drug carriers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.