ArticleMetabolites2023
Human Skin Drug Metabolism: Relationships between Methyl Salicylate Metabolism and Esterase Activities in IVPT Skin Membranes.
Article in Metabolites, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Topical latanoprost acid for female androgenetic alopecia: a pilot proof-of-concept trial with mechanistic evidence of prostaglandin F2α receptor activation.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Trial
- Imaging Active Drug Transport in Viable Human Skin: A Functional ex vivo Skin Model for Mechanistic and Regulatory Applications.Skin pharmacology and physiology · 2026Article
- Cutaneous pharmacokinetics of a volatile drug post-application to the skin.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Proteomic profiling of metabolizing enzymes and transporters in 2 layers of Caucasian human skin.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2026Article
- Exploring the pharmacological potential of plant-based hand sanitizer composition: characterization, activity evaluation, and in silico assessment.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in Cell-Mediated Drug Delivery for Dermatologic Diseases: Mechanisms and Current Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Solute-Vehicle-Skin Interactions and Their Contribution to Pharmacokinetics of Skin Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- [Penetration capacity and local anti-inflammatory effect of a methyl salicylate gel with turpentine essence, camphor, and menthol for the symptomatic local treatment of muscular and joint pains].Farmaceuticos comunitarios · 2024Article
- Hydrogel Microneedles with Programmed Mesophase Transitions for Controlled Drug Delivery.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of esterase enzymes in human skin and their role in drug metabolism has been reported, but their distribution in the various skin layers and the relative contributions of those layers to metabolism is poorly defined. To gain further insight into esterase distribution, we performed in vitro skin permeation of a commercial 28.3% methyl salicylate (MeSA) cream (Metsal™) in Franz diffusion cells, using a range of human skin membranes, all from the same donor. The membranes were viable epidermis separated by a dispase II enzymatic method, heat separated epidermis, dermatomed skin, and dermis separated by a dispase II enzymatic method. Methyl salicylate and its metabolite, salicylic acid (SA), were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Alpha naphthyl acetate and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining provided qualitative estimations of esterase distribution in these membranes. The permeation of methyl salicylate after 24 h was similar across all membranes. Salicylic acid formation and permeation were found to be similar in dermatomed skin and dermis, suggesting dermal esterase activity. These results were supported by the staining studies, which showed strong esterase activity in the dermal-epidermal junction region of the dermis. In contrast with high staining of esterase activity in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, minimal stained and functional esterase activity was found in heat-separated and dispase II-prepared epidermal membranes. The results are consistent with dispase II digesting hemidesmosomes, penetrating the epidermis, and affecting epidermal esterases but not those in the dermis. Accordingly, whilst the resulting dispase II-generated dermal membranes may be used for in vitro permeation tests (IVPT) involving esterase-based metabolic studies, the dispase II-generated epidermal membranes are not suitable for this purpose.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.