Promising Materials in the Fight against Healthcare-Associated Infections: Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan-Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Hybrid Hydrogels.

New technologies and materials could help in this fight against healthcare-associated infections. As the majority of these infections are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the development of materials with intrinsic antibacterial properties is a promising field of research. We combined chitosan (CS), with antibacterial properties, with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS), a biocompatible polymer with physico-chemical, mechanical, and rheological properties, creating a hydrogel using cross-linking agent genipin. The antibacterial properties of CS and CS-POSS hydrogels were investigated against nosocomial Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria both in terms of membrane damage and surface charge variations, and finally, the anti-biofilm property was studied through confocal microscopy. Both materials showed a good antibacterial capacity against all analyzed strains, both in suspension, with % decreases between 36.36 and 73.58 for CS and 29.86 and 66.04 for CS-POSS, and in plates with % decreases between 55.29 and 78.32 and 17.00 and 53.99 for CS and CS-POSS, respectively. The treated strains compared to the baseline condition showed an important membrane damage, which also determined a variation of surface charges, and finally, for both hydrogels, a remarkable anti-biofilm property was highlighted. Our findings showed a possible future use of these biocompatible materials in the manufacture of medical and surgical devices with intrinsic antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties.