ArticleClinics and practice2023
The Impact of the Test Dissociation on the Binocular Balance of Children.
Article in Clinics and practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Phoria, Oculomotor Skills and Visual Symptoms in Children Aged 5 to 8 Years.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Additional accommodative controls in near heterophoria targets do not improve accommodative responses in young adults.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
purposethis research compared the dissociated phoria at near and distance fixation in free space using the Howell test, alternate Cover test, and Thorington test.
methods220 healthy Mexican children (mean age 8.3±2.5 years) participated in this study. Phorias were quantified at both distances using each test, from the least to the most disruptive. The stereopsis degree and near point of convergence (break/recovery) were analyzed to understand their role in the visual system's sensorimotor balance.
resultsstatistically significant differences were found among techniques, with a higher congruence for the EF. However, only the Howell and Thorington tests can be interchanged. The break value and near exophoria relate to each other and affect the stereopsis degree, whereas age is associated with the stereopsis degree and break value.
conclusionsthe three techniques cannot be interchanged except for the Howell and Thorington test for the EF at far. The differences in the mode of dissociation could relate to the results.
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