ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2023
Unraveling Depressive Symptomatology and Risk Factors in a Changing World.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Romanian University Students: Post-Pandemic Insights from a Non-Clinical Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Explainable Machine Learning in the Prediction of Depression.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Trends and associated factors of mental health diagnoses in Catalan Primary Care (2010-2019).European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
methodsA representative sample of Portuguese adults was included in this populational survey, conducted between 25 March and 31 July 2021, with participants completing a structured questionnaire via phone interview. The symptoms of depression were measured using the Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors and depression levels (normal, mild, or moderate/severe).
resultsThe estimated prevalence of depression symptoms among participants was 24%. Participants who were women, were in older age groups, had multimorbidity, lived in isolated Portuguese regions such as islands and Alentejo, and were retired or unemployed more frequently reported depression symptoms. Economic hardship was also found to be associated with an increased frequency of mild or moderate-to-severe depression. In contrast, higher levels of education, regular alcohol intake, and regular exercise were associated with a lower frequency of depression symptoms.
conclusionsThese findings highlight that during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a high proportion of Portuguese adults reported depression symptoms, particularly the COVID-19-vulnerable strata such seniors, patients with multimorbidity, and people in economic hardship. On the other hand, citizens who performed regular physical exercise reported lower depressive symptomology. Our work contributes to improving the planning of mental health promotion after the COVID-19 pandemic and future emergencies.
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