ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2023
GastroPlus- and HSPiP-Oriented Predictive Parameters as the Basis of Valproic Acid-Loaded Mucoadhesive Cationic Nanoemulsion Gel for Improved Nose-to-Brain Delivery to Control Convulsion in Humans.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucoadhesive Nanoemulsions for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Dimethyl Fumarate: Development, Characterization and Proof-of-Concept In Vivo Evaluation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Fabrication of Second-Generation Acalabrutinib Nanocrystals by Employing the Nano-Edge Method for Improving the Physico-Chemical Properties and Forecasting their In-Silico Pharmacokinetic Behaviour.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- HSPiP and Neuro-Fuzzy Model-Enabled Optimized Nanoemulsions for Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Valproic Acid.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Recent Advances in Cationic Nanoemulsions for Drug Delivery: Preparation, Properties, and Applications.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Hydrogel for Sustained Delivery of Therapeutic Agents.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Cellulose Fiber with Enhanced Mechanical Properties: The Role of Co-Solvents in Gel-like NMMO System.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Computer modeling of digestive processes in the alimentary tract and their physiological regulation mechanisms: closing the gap between digestion models andFrontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Research progress in brain-targeted nasal drug delivery.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Oral and parenteral delivery routes of valproic acid (VA) are associated with serious adverse effects, high hepatic metabolism, high clearance, and low bioavailability in the brain. A GastroPlus program was used to predict in vivo performance of immediate (IR) and sustained release (SR) products in humans. HSPiP software 5.4.08 predicted excipients with maximum possible miscibility of the drug. Based on the GastroPlus and HSPiP program, various excipients were screened for experimental solubility, nanoemulsions, and respective gel studies intended for nasal-to-brain delivery. These were characterized by size, size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, pH, % transmittance, drug content, and viscosity. In vitro drug release, ex vivo permeation profile (goat nasal mucosa), and penetration studies were conducted. Results showed that in vivo oral drug dissolution and absorption were predicted as 98.6 mg and 18.8 mg, respectively, from both tablets (IR and SR) at 8 h using GastroPlus. The predicted drug access to the portal vein was substantially higher in IR (115 mg) compared to SR (82.6 mg). The plasma drug concentration-time profile predicted was in good agreement with published reports. The program predicted duodenum and jejunum as the prime sites of the drug absorption and no effect of nanonization on T
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.