Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37622322›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2023

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic response on GI infection surveillance trends in England, January 2020-April 2022.

Nicola K Love, Amy Douglas, Saheer Gharbia, Helen Hughes, Roger Morbey, Isabel Oliver, Gillian E Smith, Alex J Elliot

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Surveillance of enteropathogenicJournal of medical microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Mind the gap! TypingMicrobial genomics · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Microbiology and epidemiology of enteroaggregativeJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Enhanced laboratory surveillance study ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Hybrid strains of enterotoxigenic/Shiga toxin-producingJournal of medical microbiology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Genotypic analysis of Shiga toxin-producingJournal of medical microbiology · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Assessing concordance betweenFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nicola K LoveNorth East Field Services, Health Protection Operations, UK Health Security Agency, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3750-7158
Amy DouglasGastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Saheer GharbiaGastrointestinal Infections and Food Safety (One Health) Division, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Helen HughesNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Roger MorbeyReal-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, Field Service, Health Protection Operations, UK Health Security Agency, Birmingham, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8543-477X
Isabel OliverScience Group, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
Gillian E SmithNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-4257-0568
Alex J ElliotNational Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Gastrointestinal Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6414-3065

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stepwise non-pharmaceutical interventions and health system changes implemented as part of the COVID-19 response have had implications on the incidence, diagnosis, and reporting of other communicable diseases. Here, we established the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak response on gastrointestinal (GI) infection trends using routinely collected surveillance data from six national English laboratory, outbreak, and syndromic surveillance systems using key dates of governmental policy to assign phases for comparison between pandemic and historic data. Following decreases across all indicators during the first lockdown (March-May 2020), bacterial and parasitic pathogens associated with foodborne or environmental transmission routes recovered rapidly between June and September 2020, while those associated with travel and/or person-to-person transmission remained lower than expected for 2021. High out-of-season norovirus activity was observed with the easing of lockdown measures between June and October 2021, with this trend reflected in laboratory and outbreak systems and syndromic surveillance indicators. Above expected increases in emergency department (ED) attendances may have reflected changes in health-seeking behaviour and provision. Differential reductions across specific GI pathogens are indicative of the underlying routes of transmission. These results provide further insight into the drivers for transmission, which can help inform control measures for GI infections.

Indexed as

Communicable DiseasesCOVID-19Gastrointestinal DiseasesCommunicable Disease ControlEnglandHumansPandemicsCOVID-19foodborne infectionsgastrointestinal infectionsnon-pharmaceutical interventionssurveillance

Identifiers

PMID37622322
PMCPMC10540168

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.