ArticleVirology journal2023
The emergence of influenza B as a major respiratory pathogen in the absence of COVID-19 during the 2021-2022 flu season in China.
Article in Virology journal, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- How Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Influenza Seasonality Patterns in Different Climate Regions?-A Time-Series Analysis.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Changing patterns of respiratory pathogens in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in northern China following the lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Observational
- Changes in Respiratory Viruses' Activity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Epidemiological trends of influenza A and B in one hospital in Chengdu and national surveillance data (2019-2024).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends in respiratory pathogens infections among children post-COVID-19: A cross-sectional study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Prediction of influenza outbreaks in Fuzhou, China: comparative analysis of forecasting models.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Fighting flu: novel CD8Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe emergence of COVID-19 and the implementation of preventive measures and behavioral changes have led to a significant decrease in the prevalence of other respiratory viruses. However, the manner in which seasonal viruses will reemerge in the absence of COVID-19-related restrictions remains unknown.
methodsPatients presenting with influenza-like illness in two hospitals in Beijing were subjected to testing for COVID-19, influenza A, and influenza B to determine the causative agent for viral infections. The prevalence of influenza B across China was confirmed using data from the Centers for Disease Control, China (China CDC). Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, imaging results, and mortality data were collected for a cohort of 70 hospitalized patients with confirmed influenza B from 9 hospitals across China.
resultsStarting from October 2021, a substantial increase in the number of patients visiting the designated fever clinics in Beijing was observed, with this trend continuing until January 2022. COVID-19 tests conducted on these patients yielded negative results, while the positivity rate for influenza rose from approximately 8% in October 2021 to over 40% by late January 2022. The cases started to decline after this peak. Data from China CDC confirmed that influenza B is a major pathogen during the season. Sequencing of the viral strain revealed the presence of the Victoria-like lineage of the influenza B strain, with minor variations from the Florida/39/2018 strain. Analysis of the hospitalized patients' characteristics indicated that severe cases were relatively more prevalent among younger individuals, with an average age of 40.9 ± 24.1 years. Among the seven patients who succumbed to influenza, the average age was 30 ± 30.1 years. These patients exhibited secondary infections involving either bacterial or fungal pathogens and displayed elevated levels of cell death markers (such as LDH) and coagulation pathway markers (D-dimer).
conclusionInfluenza B represents a significant infection threat and can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly among young patients. To mitigate morbidity and mortality rates, it is imperative to implement appropriate vaccination and other preventive strategies.
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