Trial reportBMC psychiatry2023
Efficacy and safety of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia with Tardive Dyskinesia (TD): a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled, clinical trial.
Trial report in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of neuroregulatory interventions upon weight in patients with mental illness: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Adjunctive transcranial direct current stimulation for cognitive improvement in schizophrenia: insights from a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Research progress in estrogen as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Optimizing tDCS cognitive outcomes in schizophrenia: the role of dopaminergic tone and antipsychotic load.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation and cognitive training in the treatment of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of chronic insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- High- and low-frequency accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation therapies in the management of tardive dyskinesia: A scoping review.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Review
- Resting-State EEG Characteristics of Tardive Dyskinesia: Spectral and Network Connectivity Insights.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Adjunct Bifrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Improving Cognitive Insight and Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia: A Single-blind, Randomised Sham-controlled Trial.Annals of neurosciences · 2025Article
- Revealing multiple biological subtypes of schizophrenia through a data-driven approach.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation and its effect on cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia: An updated review.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2025Review
- Effect of comprehensive intervention model based on drug-psychology-society-skills on medication compliance and cognitive ability of chronic schizophrenia patients.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePrevious studies have shown that transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) led to an improvement of cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia, but rare study has explored the effect of tDCS on long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with tardive dyskinesia (TD). The present research explored if cognitive function in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with TD could be improved through tDCS.
methodsThis study is a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Of the 52 patients, 14 dropped out, and 38 completed the experiment. Thirty-eight patients on stable treatment regimens were randomly assigned to receive active tDCS(n = 21) or sham stimulation(n = 17) on weekdays of the first, third, and fifth weeks of treatment. Patients performed the Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) and the Intra/Extradimensional Set Shift (IED) from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) at baseline and the end of week 3, week 5. Clinical symptoms were also measured at the baseline and the fifth week using the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Side effects of tDCS were assessed with an experimenter-administered open-ended questionnaire during the whole experiment.
resultsThere were no significant differences in PRM and IED performance metrics, SANS total score and PANSS total score between active and sham tDCS groups at the end of week 5 (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the adverse effects of the tingling sensation between the two groups (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in other side effects (p > 0.05).
conclusionAccording to these findings, no evidence supports using anodal stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to improve cognitive function in patients with long-term hospitalized chronic schizophrenia with TD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.