Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37616271›Full record

ArticlePloS one2023

Predicting the risk of hypertension using machine learning algorithms: A cross sectional study in Ethiopia.

Md Merajul Islam, Md Jahangir Alam, Md Maniruzzaman, N A M Faisal Ahmed, Md Sujan Ali, Md Jahanur Rahman, Dulal Chandra Roy

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Md Merajul IslamDepartment of Statistics, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Md Jahangir AlamDepartment of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.ORCID 0000-0002-5372-8789
Md ManiruzzamanStatistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
N A M Faisal AhmedInstitute of Education and Research, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Md Sujan AliDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
Md Jahanur RahmanDepartment of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Dulal Chandra RoyDepartment of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
University of Rajshahi · BDJatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University · BDKhulna University · BDReference Institute for Bioanalytics · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesHypertension (HTN), a major global health concern, is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, premature death and disability, worldwide. It is important to develop an automated system to diagnose HTN at an early stage. Therefore, this study devised a machine learning (ML) system for predicting patients with the risk of developing HTN in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND

methodsThe HTN data was taken from Ethiopia, which included 612 respondents with 27 factors. We employed Boruta-based feature selection method to identify the important risk factors of HTN. The four well-known models [logistics regression, artificial neural network, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting (XGB)] were developed to predict HTN patients on the training set using the selected risk factors. The performances of the models were evaluated by accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) on the testing set. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method is one of the explainable artificial intelligences (XAI) methods, was used to investigate the associated predictive risk factors of HTN.

resultsThe overall prevalence of HTN patients is 21.2%. This study showed that XGB-based model was the most appropriate model for predicting patients with the risk of HTN and achieved the accuracy of 88.81%, precision of 89.62%, recall of 97.04%, F1-score of 93.18%, and AUC of 0. 894. The XBG with SHAP analysis reveal that age, weight, fat, income, body mass index, diabetes mulitas, salt, history of HTN, drinking, and smoking were the associated risk factors of developing HTN.

conclusionsThe proposed framework provides an effective tool for accurately predicting individuals in Ethiopia who are at risk for developing HTN at an early stage and may help with early prevention and individualized treatment.

Indexed as

HypertensionAlgorithmsCross-Sectional StudiesEthiopiaHumansMachine LearningRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID37616271
PMCPMC10449142
OpenAlexW4386132017

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.