ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2021.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for severe dengue fever and West Nile fever: A meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Powassan Virus in the United States: An AI-Integrative One Health Scoping Review of Ecological Drivers, Zoonotic Interactions, Symptom Profiles, and Public Health Implications.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Long-term Sequelae Associated With Severe West Nile Virus Disease in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2021.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Jamestown Canyon Virus Disease: An Analytic Review of Human Cases Reported from 1982 Through 2022.Viruses · 2026Review
- Vector-borne disease surveillance and control resource needs in Colorado public health organizations.PloS one · 2026Article
- LRP1 facilitates Jamestown Canyon virus infection of neurons.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2025Article
- First Serologic Evidence of West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus Circulation Among Dogs in the Bulgarian Danube Region and Analysis of Some Risk Factors.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in New York City: Trends and Transmission Dynamics (2000-2019).Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A scoping review to determine if adverse human health effects are associated with use of organophosphates for mosquito control.Journal of medical entomology · 2025Article
- One Health, many approaches: integrated vector management strategies support One Health goals.Frontiers in insect science · 2025Review
- Powassan Virus Encephalitis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Diagnostic Challenge With Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Evidence of Lineage 1 and 3 West Nile Virus in Person with Neuroinvasive Disease, Nebraska, USA, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Age-dependent Powassan virus lethality is linked to glial cell activation and divergent neuroinflammatory cytokine responses in a murine model.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2024Article
- Review
- Clinical and Diagnostic Features of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in New York City.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes or ticks, and in the continental United States, West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease. Other arboviruses cause sporadic cases of disease as well as occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes 2021 surveillance data reported to CDC by U.S. jurisdictions for nationally notifiable arboviruses; the report excludes chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease cases, because these infections were acquired primarily through travel during 2021. Forty-nine states and the District of Columbia reported 3,035 cases of domestic arboviral disease, including those caused by West Nile (2,911), La Crosse (40), Jamestown Canyon (32), Powassan (24), St. Louis encephalitis (17), unspecified California serogroup (six), and eastern equine encephalitis (five) viruses. Among the WNV disease cases, 2,008 (69%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease, for a national incidence of 0.61 cases per 100,000 population. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, maintaining surveillance programs to monitor their transmission and prevalence is important to the direction and promotion of prevention activities. Health care providers should consider arboviral infections in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, obtain appropriate specimens for laboratory testing, and promptly report cases to public health authorities. Prevention depends on community and household efforts to reduce vector populations and personal protective measures to prevent mosquito and tick bites, such as use of Environmental Protection Agency-registered insect repellent and wearing protective clothing.
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Registered trials
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