ArticleClinical oral investigations2023
The effect of cyclic loading on the fracture resistance of 3D-printed and CAD/CAM milled zirconia crowns-an in vitro study.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Additive-manufactured ceramics for dental restorations: a systematic review on mechanical perspective.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Three-Dimensional Printed Materials for Definitive Ceramic and Resin Restorations: A Scoping Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Wear resistance and fracture strength of BioFlx, zirconia and stainless steel crowns for primary molars after thermomechanical aging: an in vitro comparative study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Modification of 3D printing resin with surface treated mesoporous silica nanoparticles: structural and mechanical characterization.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate and 3D-Printed Resin Crowns with Varying Occlusal Thickness: An In Vitro Study.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Additive manufacturing for Dentistry: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications.Progress in materials science · 2026Article
- Fit of Three-Unit Posterior Fixed Dental Prostheses Made from Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal by 3D Printing and Milling.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Verification of extraoral versus intraoral scanning techniques: fit accuracy implications for 3D printed and milled zirconia crowns (An in-vitro study).BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of artificial aging on fracture toughness and hardness of 3D-printed and milled 3Y-TZP zirconia.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties Between CAD/CAM-Milled and 3D-Printed Dental Zirconia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Wear of interim resin materials manufactured by 3D printing and CAD/CAM milling following chewing simulation.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars restored with additively manufactured inlays and self-cure bulk-fill composites.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Fracture Resistance of 3-Unit Zirconia Fixed Dental Prostheses Differing in Wall Thickness Fabricated by Either 3D-Printing or Milling.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Evaluation of fracture resistance and surface characteristics in monolithic zirconia: a comparative analysis of 3D printing and milling techniques.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Effects of 3D-printers and manufacturer-specified post-curing units on the dimensional accuracy, compressive strength, and degree of conversion of resin for fixed dental prostheses.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Impact of Pontic Geometry on Load to Failure and Displacement in Implant-Supported Monolithic Zirconia Prostheses: An In Vitro Analysis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
- Effect of aging on the marginal fit of milled and printed zirconia crowns: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Fracture strength and marginal and internal adaptation of lithium disilicate and hybrid ceramic endocrowns and non-retentive overlays for endodontically treated molar teeth.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Investigating the role of temperature and moisture on the degradation of 3D-printed polymethyl methacrylate dental materials through molecular dynamics simulations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cyclic mechanical loading on the fracture resistance of 3D-printed zirconia crowns in comparison to milled zirconia crowns. MATERIALS AND
methodsMonolithic zirconia crowns (n = 30) were manufactured using subtractive milling (group M) and 3D additive printing (group P). Nine samples of each group were fractured under one-time loading while the other 6 samples were subjected to cyclic loading for 1.2 million cycles before being subjected to one-time loading until fracture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractographic analysis was carried out on fractured fragments of representative samples.
resultsThe mean for fracture resistance of group M was 1890 N without cyclic loading and 1642 N after being subjected to cyclic loading, and they were significantly higher than that of group P (1658 N and 1224 N respectively).
conclusionsThe fabrication technique and cyclic loading affect the fracture resistance of zirconia crowns. Although the fracture resistance values for the 3D-printed crowns were lower than those of the milled, still they are higher than the masticatory forces and thus could be considered being clinically acceptable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Concerning fracture resistance, 3D-printed crowns can withstand the masticatory forces for the long term without any cracks or failure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.