ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Who Gets Sick From COVID-19? Sociodemographic Correlates of Severe Adult Health Outcomes During Alpha- and Delta-Variant Predominant Periods: September 2020-November 2021.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Racial Disparities in Long COVID: Why Black Americans are Likely Underrepresented in Long COVID Estimates.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- COVID-19 Antiviral Treatment: Examining Knowledge, Access, Trust in Sources of Information and Willingness to Use Among Essential Workers: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Cohort Participants.Health science reports · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Deaths and Minority Health Social Vulnerability, in the U.S., January 1, 2020 through June 24, 2023.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Role of Frailty Index-Laboratory to predict COVID-19 mortality: a prospective study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Ratio of Infections to COVID-19 Cases and Hospitalizations in the United States based on SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Data, September 2021-February 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recognising the heterogeneity of Indigenous Peoples during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review across Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Opportunities to monitor disparities in asthma and other respiratory diseases using public health data.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause COVID-19 case data do not capture most SARS-CoV-2 infections, the actual risk of severe disease and death per infection is unknown. Integrating sociodemographic data into analysis can show consequential health disparities.
methodsData were merged from September 2020 to November 2021 from 6 national surveillance systems in matched geographic areas and analyzed to estimate numbers of COVID-19-associated cases, emergency department visits, and deaths per 100 000 infections. Relative risks of outcomes per infection were compared by sociodemographic factors in a data set including 1490 counties from 50 states and the District of Columbia, covering 71% of the US population.
resultsPer infection with SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality were higher among non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native persons, non-Hispanic Black persons, and Hispanic or Latino persons vs non-Hispanic White persons; males vs females; older people vs younger; residents in more socially vulnerable counties vs less; those in large central metro areas vs rural; and people in the South vs the Northeast. DISCUSSION: Meaningful disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality per infection were associated with sociodemography and geography. Addressing these disparities could have helped prevent the loss of tens of thousands of lives.
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