ReviewFrontiers in oncology2023
Mechanisms underlying response and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to standard chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for advanced or recurrent cervical cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms with hematologic malignancy susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of treatment-related lymphopenia on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating immune cell profiling in advanced cervical and endometrial cancer patients treated with PD-1 blockade, radiotherapy, and immune modulation in the PRIMMO trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Special Issue "Epigenetic Genes, Biomarkers and Immunotherapy in Cancers".International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer analysis of single-cell profiles with polygenic signals reveals genetic influences on tumor immunity across cancers.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Identification of cancer-associated fibroblast subpopulation and construction of an immunotherapy signature for gastric cancer.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Tumoral RCOR2 promotes tumor development through dual epigenetic regulation of tumor plasticity and immunogenicity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Targeting tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immune checkpoint inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- Monoclonal antibody immune therapy response instrument for stratification and cost-effective personalized approaches in 3PM-guided pan cancer management.The EPMA journal · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoints and ncRNAs: pioneering immunotherapy approaches for hematological malignancies.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- The HDAC6 inhibitor AVS100 (SS208) induces a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment and potentiates immunotherapy.Science advances · 2024Article
- Regulatory T cells in immune checkpoint blockade antitumor therapy.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- VACCIMEL, an allogeneic melanoma vaccine, efficiently triggers T cell immune responses against neoantigens and alloantigens, as well as against tumor-associated antigens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Vaccimel immunization is associated with enhanced response to treatment with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in cutaneous melanoma patients - a case reports study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting immune checkpoint pathways, such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), have achieved unprecedented therapeutic success in treating various types of cancer. The prominent and persistent clinical responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy are currently constrained to a subset of patients. Owing to discrete individual tumor and immune heterogeneity, most patients fail to benefit from ICB treatment, demonstrating either primary or acquired resistance. A thorough comprehension of the mechanisms restricting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is required to extend their clinical applicability to a broader spectrum of patients and cancer types. Numerous studies are presently investigating potential prognostic markers of responsiveness, the complex dynamics underlying the therapeutic and adverse effects of ICB, and tumor immune evasion throughout the course of immunotherapy. In this article, we have reviewed the extant literature elucidating the mechanisms underlying the response and resistance to ICB, with a particular emphasis on PD-1 and CTLA-4 pathway blockade in the context of anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we aimed to explore potential approaches to overcome cancer therapeutic resistance and develop a rational design for more personalized ICB-based combinational regimens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.