ReviewPsychiatry and clinical neurosciences2023
The now and future of ChatGPT and GPT in psychiatry.
Review in Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Chatbots in Mental Health Screening and Assessment: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2026Pooled it
- "It's Not Only Attention We Need": Systematic Review of Large Language Models in Mental Health Care.JMIR mental health · 2025Pooled it
- Emerging applications of NLP and large language models in gastroenterology and hepatology: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Applications of large language models in psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The benefits and future potential of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) on mental health: a Delphi study.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Article
- A Cautious Integration With AI in the Clinic: A Standardized-Patient Pilot Study of ChatGPT's Reliability in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Scoring.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rethinking AI in youth mental health: promise, perils, and ethical integration.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- Accuracy and empathy of AI-based conversational chatbots in response to temporomandibular dysfunction related queries.PEC innovation · 2026Article
- Empowering mental health professionals in asynchronous online psychotherapy with GenAI.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry Training: Comparative Insights from Nine Large Language Models Across Cultural and Exam Contexts.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Prediction of 12-Week Remission in Patients With Depressive Disorder Using Reasoning-Based Large Language Models: Model Development and Validation Study.JMIR mental health · 2026Article
- Understanding psychiatrist readiness for AI: a study of access, self-efficacy, trust, and design expectations.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Benchmarking five large language models in medical genetics: a bilingual comparative evaluation using published and novel expert-authored questions.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- ChatGPT Clinical Use in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review of Empirical Evidence.JMIR mental health · 2025Article
- Exploring AI-assisted design of executive function rehabilitation programs for individuals with ADHD: a mixed-methods evaluation of prompts and chatgpt outputs.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Ethical aspects of the application of artificial intelligence in psychiatry.Postepy psychiatrii neurologii · 2025Review
- Potential of ChatGPT in youth mental health emergency triage: Comparative analysis with clinicians.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025Article
- Performance of mental health chatbot agents in detecting and managing suicidal ideation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence (AI) in psychotherapy: A challenging frontier.Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Streamlining medical software development with CARE lifecycle and CARE agent: an AI-driven technology readiness level assessment tool.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
ChatGPT has sparked extensive discussions within the healthcare community since its November 2022 release. However, potential applications in the field of psychiatry have received limited attention. Deep learning has proven beneficial to psychiatry, and GPT is a powerful deep learning-based language model with immense potential for this field. Despite the convenience of ChatGPT, this advanced chatbot currently has limited practical applications in psychiatry. It may be used to support psychiatrists in routine tasks such as completing medical records, facilitating communications between clinicians and with patients, polishing academic writings and presentations, and programming and performing analyses for research. The current training and application of ChatGPT require using appropriate prompts to maximize appropriate outputs and minimize deleterious inaccuracies and phantom errors. Moreover, future GPT advances that incorporate empathy, emotion recognition, personality assessment, and detection of mental health warning signs are essential for its effective integration into psychiatric care. In the near future, developing a fully-automated psychotherapy system trained for expert communication (such as psychotherapy verbatim) is conceivable by building on foundational GPT technology. This dream system should integrate practical 'real world' inputs and friendly AI user and patient interfaces via clinically validated algorithms, voice comprehension/generation modules, and emotion discrimination algorithms based on facial expressions and physiological inputs from wearable devices. In addition to the technology challenges, we believe it is critical to establish generally accepted ethical standards for applying ChatGPT-related tools in all mental healthcare environments, including telemedicine and academic/training settings.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.