Observational studyNature communications2023
Persistent symptoms after COVID-19 are not associated with differential SARS-CoV-2 antibody or T cell immunity.
Observational study in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04318314 (COVID-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COVID-19: Healthcare Worker Bioresource: Immune Protection and Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood Biomarkers of Long COVID: A Systematic Review.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Trajectories of Inflammatory Markers and Post-COVID-19 Cognitive Symptoms: A Secondary Analysis of the CONTAIN COVID-19 Randomized Trial.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Trial
- Immune-metabolic trajectories delineate subgroups in paediatric long COVID.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Prevalence of severe fatigue after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Norway: a prospective 2-year follow-up study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Extensive Immunological and Inflammatory Perturbation Underpins the Respiratory Sequelae of Postacute COVID-19.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Long-term sex differences in symptoms and immune profile in long COVID.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Dysregulated NK-cell gene expression defines the enduring symptoms of long COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identification of soluble biomarkers that associate with distinct manifestations of long COVID.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- [Chronic pain syndrome in musculoskeletal diseases-how different are fibromyalgia and long COVID?-Part 2].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2025Review
- The peptidoglycan ofScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- COVID-19 in the Initiation and Progression of Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology During and Beyond the Acute Phase.JACC. Advances · 2024Review
- Investigating viral and autoimmune T cell responses associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.Human immunology · 2024Article
- Distinct roles of vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies and T cells in protection and disease.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2024Review
- Identification of inflammatory clusters in long-COVID through analysis of plasma biomarker levels.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- RNA editing regulates host immune response and T cell homeostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2024Article
- High prevalence of long COVID in anti-TPO positive euthyroid individuals with strongly elevated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses and moderately raised anti-spike IgG levels 23 months post-infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Pathophysiological, immunological, and inflammatory features of long COVID.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Differences in the Clinical Manifestations and Host Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children Compared to Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among the unknowns in decoding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 persistent symptoms in Long Covid is whether there is a contributory role of abnormal immunity during acute infection. It has been proposed that Long Covid is a consequence of either an excessive or inadequate initial immune response. Here, we analyze SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immunity in 86 healthcare workers with laboratory confirmed mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first wave. Symptom questionnaires allow stratification into those with persistent symptoms and those without for comparison. During the period up to 18-weeks post-infection, we observe no difference in antibody responses to spike RBD or nucleoprotein, virus neutralization, or T cell responses. Also, there is no difference in the profile of antibody waning. Analysis at 1-year, after two vaccine doses, comparing those with persistent symptoms to those without, again shows similar SARS-CoV-2 immunity. Thus, quantitative differences in these measured parameters of SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immunity following mild or asymptomatic acute infection are unlikely to have contributed to Long Covid causality. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04318314).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.