ArticleBMJ global health2023
Mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: secondary analysis of WHO community survey across four countries.
Article in BMJ global health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strengthening Teamwork and Respect (STAR): nurses' perspectives and experiences of disrespectful maternity care in rural district hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Global health action · 2026Article
- Mistreatment during childbirth and its associated factors during facility-based childbirth in public health facilities of Ilubabor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia.Maternal health, neonatology and perinatology · 2026Article
- The impact of respectful maternity care on postpartum mental health and sleep quality.Discover mental health · 2026Article
- Patterns of respectful care and mistreatment during childbirth in relation to perinatal mental health: a secondary analysis of listening to mothers in California.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Childbirth experience and its relationship with postpartum depression and anxiety: a cross-sectional study from Gaza.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Unraveling the link between the mistreatment of women during childbirth and postpartum depression: a prospective longitudinal study in Ethiopia and Guinea.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Mistreatment and Discrimination during Childbirth, Associations with Symptoms of Childbirth-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Mediating Role of the Subjective Birth Experience: A Quantitative Analysis Within the Prospective Cohort Study RESPECTGeburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025Article
- How health system failures and prevailing social norms drive mistreatment of women in maternity care in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Global health action · 2025Article
- FIGO statement on respectful care: Addressing disrespectful maternity care.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Predictors of post-partum depression amongst postnatal women in Kumasi, Ghana.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- A qualitative exploration of the mistreatment of women during childbirth in a rural Guatemalan hospital.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of a respectful maternity care program in a Guatemalan indigenous region rural hospital: a quasi-experimental study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Revisiting health systems to integrate perinatal mental health into maternal and child health services: perspectives from research, policy and implementation.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- [Risk of postpartum depression in primary care].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2024Observational
- [Association between disrespect and abuse during labor and the risk of postpartum depression: a cross-sectional study].Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Obstetric violence and its association with postnatal depression: A longitudinal community-based study in rural Jharkhand, India.Women's health (London, England)Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPostpartum depression (PPD) is a leading cause of disability globally with estimated prevalence of approximately 20% in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with PPD following mistreatment during facility-based childbirth.
methodThis secondary analysis used data from the community survey of postpartum women in Ghana, Guinea, Myanmar and Nigeria for the WHO study, 'How women are treated during facility-based childbirth'. PPD was defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) tool. Inferential analyses were done using the generalised ordered partial proportional odds model.
resultsOf the 2672 women, 39.0% (n=1041) developed PPD. 42.2% and 5.2% of mistreated women developed minimal/mild PPD and moderate/severe PPD, respectively. 43.0% and 50.6% of women who experienced verbal abuse and stigma/discrimination, respectively developed minimal/mild PPD. 46.3% of women who experienced physical abuse developed minimal/mild PPD while 7.6% of women who experienced stigma/discrimination developed moderate/severe PPD. In the adjusted model, women who were physically abused, verbally abused and stigma/discrimination compared with those who were not were more likely to experience any form of PPD ((OR: 1.57 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.06)), (OR: 1.42 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.69)) and (OR: 1.69 (95% CI 1.03 to 2.78))), respectively. Being single and having higher education were associated with reduced odds of experiencing PPD.
conclusionPPD was significantly prevalent among women who experienced mistreatment during childbirth. Women who were single, and had higher education had lower odds of PPD. Countries should implement women-centred policies and programmes to reduce mistreatment of women and improve women's postnatal experiences.
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