Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37610647›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2024

Racial, Ethnic, Sex, and Age Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among Incarcerated People and Staff in Correctional Facilities in Six Jurisdictions, United States, March-July 2020.

Ashley S D'Inverno, Ranell L Myles, Calla R Jamison, Samantha P Williams, Liesl M Hagan, Senad Handanagic, Lauren A Lambert, Kristie E N Clarke, Jeffery Allen, Olivia Beard and 14 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.

Ashley S D'InvernoDivision of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. ADInverno@cdc.gov.ORCID 0000-0002-7142-1561
Ranell L MylesCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Calla R JamisonDivision of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Samantha P WilliamsCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Liesl M HaganCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Senad HandanagicCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lauren A LambertCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Kristie E N ClarkeCDC COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Jeffery AllenFederal Bureau of Prisons, Washington, D.C, USA.
Olivia BeardIndiana Department of Corrections, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Charles DusseauFederal Bureau of Prisons, Washington, D.C, USA.
Rachel FeldmanVermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Rebecca HuebschMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Justine HutchinsonCalifornia Correctional Health Care Services, Elk Grove, CA, USA.
Denise KallVermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Jessica King-MohrVermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Michael LongFederal Bureau of Prisons, Washington, D.C, USA.
Elizabeth S McClureNorth Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Paul MeddaughVermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Pam PontonesIndiana State Department of Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Jacqueline RoseVermont Department of Health, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
Megan SredlNorth Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Brittany VonBankMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Jennifer ZipprichMinnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USVermont Department of Health · USFederal Bureau of Investigation · USMinnesota Department of Health · USNC Department of Health and Human Services · USFranciscan Health · USIndiana State Department of Health · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo examine disparities by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity in COVID-19 confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among incarcerated people and staff in correctional facilities.

methodsSix U.S. jurisdictions reported data on COVID-19 confirmed cases, hospitalizations, and deaths stratified by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity for incarcerated people and staff in correctional facilities during March 1- July 31, 2020. We calculated incidence rates and rate ratios (RR) and absolute rate differences (RD) by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity, and made comparisons to the U.S. general population.

resultsCompared with the U.S. general population, incarcerated people and staff had higher COVID-19 case incidence (RR = 14.1, 95% CI = 13.9-14.3; RD = 6,692.2, CI = 6,598.8-6,785.5; RR = 6.0, CI = 5.7-6.3; RD = 2523.0, CI = 2368.1-2677.9, respectively); incarcerated people also had higher rates of COVID-19-related deaths (RR = 1.6, CI = 1.4-1.9; RD = 23.6, CI = 14.9-32.2). Rates of COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths among incarcerated people and corrections staff differed by sex, age group, and race and ethnicity. The COVID-19 hospitalization (RR = 0.9, CI = 0.8-1.0; RD = -48.0, CI = -79.1- -16.8) and death rates (RR = 0.8, CI = 0.6-1.0; RD = -11.8, CI = -23.5- -0.1) for Black incarcerated people were lower than those for Black people in the general population. COVID-19 case incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths were higher among older incarcerated people, but not among staff.

conclusionsWith a few exceptions, living or working in a correctional setting was associated with higher risk of COVID-19 infection and resulted in worse health outcomes compared with the general population; however, Black incarcerated people fared better than their U.S. general population counterparts.

Indexed as

Correctional FacilitiesCOVID-19EthnicityHospitalizationPrisonersAdolescentAdultAgedAge FactorsFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRacial GroupsCorrectional FacilitiesCOVID-19DisparitiesIncarceration

Identifiers

PMID37610647
PMCPMC10902790
OpenAlexW4386084219

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.