ArticleBMC biology2023
Sexually dimorphic methylation patterns characterize the placenta and blood from extremely preterm newborns.
Article in BMC biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global burden of intellectual disability attributable to preterm birth from 1990 to 2021 and projections.iScience · 2026Article
- Epigenome-wide DNA methylation and spontaneous preterm birth among pregnant black women.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Epigenetic age and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children born preterm.Genetics in medicine open · 2026Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms linking the perinatal environment, the placenta, and maternal and child health outcomes: evidence for sexual dimorphism.Environmental epigenetics · 2026Article
- Analysis of prenatal medication use and placental epigenetic gestational age in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) highlight relationships to aspirin use during pregnancy.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Placental DNA methylation key topics: sex- and cell-type specificity, mediation, multi-omics, and biomarker discovery.Epigenomics · 2025Review
- Using Residual Newborn Blood Spots to Investigate CpG Methylation in Relation to Air Pollution and Congenital Heart Defects.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Experimental Environment Is a Determinant of Gene Methylation and One-Carbon Metabolism in Obese Adult Mice.Lifestyle genomics · 2025Article
- The methylomic landscape of human articular cartilage development contains epigenetic signatures of osteoarthritis risk.American journal of human genetics · 2024Article
- Sexually dimorphic DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in human first trimester placenta.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Developmentally dynamic changes in DNA methylation in the human pancreas.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Sex differences in DNA methylation across gestation: a large scale, cross-cohort, multi-tissue analysis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHealth outcomes among children born prematurely are known to be sexually dimorphic, with male infants often more affected, yet the mechanism behind this observation is not clear. CpG methylation levels in the placenta and blood also differ by sex and are associated with adverse health outcomes. We contrasted CpG methylation levels in the placenta and neonatal blood (n = 358) from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) cohort based on the EPIC array, which assays over 850,000 CpG sites across the epigenome. Sex-specific epigenome-wide association analyses were conducted for the placenta and neonatal blood samples independently, and the results were compared to determine tissue-specific differences between the methylation patterns in males and females. All models were adjusted for cell type heterogeneity. Enrichment pathway analysis was performed to identify the biological functions of genes related to the sexually dimorphic CpG sites.
resultsApproximately 11,500 CpG sites were differentially methylated in relation to sex. Of these, 5949 were placenta-specific and 5361 were blood-specific, with only 233 CpG sites overlapping in both tissues. For placenta-specific CpG sites, 90% were hypermethylated in males. For blood-specific CpG sites, 95% were hypermethylated in females. In the placenta, keratinocyte differentiation biological pathways were enriched among the differentially methylated genes. No enrichment pathways were observed for blood.
conclusionsDistinct methylation patterns were observed between male and female children born extremely premature, and keratinocyte differentiation pathways were enriched in the placenta. These findings provide new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying sexually dimorphic health outcomes among extremely premature infants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.