Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37607169›Full record

ArticlePloS one2023

Body mass index trends and its impact of under and overweight on outcome among PLHIV on antiretroviral treatment in rural Tanzania: A prospective cohort study.

Aneth Vedastus Kalinjuma, Hannah Hussey, Getrud Joseph Mollel, Emilio Letang, Manuel Battegay, Tracy R Glass, Daniel Paris, Fiona Vanobberghen, Maja Weisser, KIULARCO study group

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Aneth Vedastus KalinjumaDepartment of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.ORCID 0000-0001-5862-9264
Hannah HusseyDepartment of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.
Getrud Joseph MollelDepartment of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.
Emilio LetangSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Manuel BattegayDivision of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Tracy R GlassSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Daniel ParisSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-4743-5987
Fiona VanobberghenSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland.
Maja WeisserDepartment of Interventions and Clinical Trials, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania.
KIULARCO study group
Ifakara Health Institute · TZSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHUniversity of Basel · CH

Funding

PEPFARWellcome Trust 107768/Z/15/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionIncreased body weight is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is increasingly reported as a health problem in people living with HIV (PLHIV). There is limited data from rural sub-Saharan Africa, where malnutrition usually presents with both over- and undernutrition. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of underweight and overweight/obesity in PLHIV enrolled in a cohort in rural Tanzania before the introduction of integrase inhibitors.

methodsThis nested study of the prospective Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort included adults aged ≥19 years initiated on antiretroviral therapy between 01/2013 and 12/2018 with follow-up through 06/2019. Body Mass Index (BMI) was classified as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m2), or overweight/obese (≥25.0 kg/m2). Stratified piecewise linear mixed models were used to assess the association between baseline characteristics and follow-up BMI. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between time-updated BMI and death/loss to follow-up (LTFU).

resultsAmong 2,129 patients, 22,027 BMI measurements (median 9 measurements: interquartile range 5-15) were analysed. At baseline, 398 (19%) patients were underweight and 356 (17%) were overweight/obese. The majority of patients were female (n = 1249; 59%), and aged 35-44 years (779; 37%). During the first 9 months, for every three additional months on antiretroviral therapy, BMI increased by 2% (95% confidence interval 1-2%, p<0.0001) among patients underweight at baseline and by 0.7% (0.5-0.6%, p<0.0001) among participants with normal BMI. Over a median of 20 months of follow-up, 107 (5%) patients died and 592 (28%) were LTFU. Being underweight was associated with >2 times the hazard of death/LTFU compared to participants with normal BMI.

conclusionWe found a double burden of malnutrition, with underweight being an independent predictor of mortality. Monitoring and measures to address both states of malnutrition among PLHIV should be integrated into routine HIV care.

Indexed as

MalnutritionOverweightAdultAnti-Retroviral AgentsBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleObesityProspective StudiesTanzaniaThinnessAnti-Retroviral Agents

Identifiers

PMID37607169
PMCPMC10443839
OpenAlexW4386067174

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.